A Study About Netherlands Architecture Essay

The civilization of Americans comes from a conglobation of many different civilizations that were either here or emigrated from other states. I have a big part of my lineage from Dutch heritage shacking the Netherlands. In researching how the Dutch people are I have found that a big part of the values that I have been taught are really Dutch ideals. These are values like humbleness, friendliness ( Although they are reserved publicly doing them sometimes seem unfriendly to foreigners. ) and understating being showy with wealth. They have a really high value on difficult being a difficult worker, and independent. Of the values that Dutch people are taught that have non been a focal point during my upbringing are honesty, and modestness. I was taught that it was acceptable to air your wealth and that it is sometimes necessary to be dishonest to acquire what you want. Dutch value promptness, privateness, and instruction which are all marks of a higher value of self-denial they posses. They sometimes come off as pushy because they have strong sentiments and will voice them. They will publically debate things they value as unfairnesss if they believe that the topic is of import plenty. I ‘m non certain why my Dutch ascendants left The Netherlands but research suggests that the ground most Dutch people left their place was because of the chances that were available in the United States. Often people left other states due to some kind of battle with the authorities or poorness, but the Dutch had a relatively good place in The Netherlands to some of the other states in Europe. Still? Most Dutch came to America merely because they calculated that the hereafter promised more prosperity for them and their kids in America than in Holland. The Dutch were of all time â€Å" household, religion, and farming † advocators. And the Dutch? as opposed to the Puritans? enjoyed the mercenary and animal amenitiess in life that their hard-earned money bought. I believe that if my ascendants left the Netherland due to some hardship, so my household would hold been able to state me about it. When thought of landmarks of the Netherlands the windmills the state is so celebrated for ever come to mind, but there are other landmarks excessively. Koninklijk Paleis ( Royal Palace ) another popular landmark was originally created to be used as a town hall in the mid seventeenth century. Koninklijk Paleis is now largely used as a tourer attractive force. European manners are popular in the Netherlands, and in maintaining with the high value of organisation the Dutch have normally wear neatly kept, fashionable vesture. The traditional wooden places are about ne'er worn any longer by anybody except husbandmans. Farmers wear them because they protect the wearer? s pess from wet and soil better than leather places do. Some of the more iconic features of the Netherlands geographics semen from the fact that? a big part of the land has been reclaimed from the sea. The Netherlands has a largely level geographics, and 27 per centum of it is below sea degree. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //geography.about.com/od/specificplacesofinterest/a/dykes.htm ) Of celebrated people from the Netherlands Vincent new wave Gogh is one of the most recognizable. Van Gogh is known internationally as a major subscriber to modern art. The Dutch pattern Agriculture in a figure of ways. Major Agricultural harvests include murphies, wheat, and maize. Potatos are grown in about all of the countries that have sufficient farmable land, and the husbandmans that grow murphies as a harvest usage big machines to make their agriculture. These machines include big tractors for ploughing the lands, monolithic reapers for when their harvests have grown and Shakerss to free the soil off the murphy harvests. Other engineering used to farm murphies includes the irrigation systems that H2O the harvests and manure spreaders to fertilise the land. The division of labour that is used on murphy farms is based on accomplishment. The proprietors of the farm, people who set up irrigation systems and big equipment operators are all skilled workers. The people who are unskilled do minor labour undertakings around the farm such as screening out quality murphies from bad 1s, and the people who clean the murphies. Industrialism exists in The Netherlands in the signifier of auto, vesture, chemical and electrical machinery makers. The engineering used in auto fabrication includes mills where they build them, which have automatons, forklifts, and computing machines that all combine in the procedure of fabricating a auto. The division of labour in auto mills is done by accomplishment. The skilled employees of the auto mills are the Directors that are in authorization, forklift mechanics, robotic plans, sellers, advertizers and computing machine information analysts. The skilled workers have experience in the field based on figure of old ages, and or the sum of instruction they have received. Unskilled workers in a auto mill include line operators, janitorial workers, and forklift operators. Some degree of gardening is practiced in the Netherlands. They are known for their flowers but they besides use gardening to reap grapes, apples and cherries. Flowers are the Netherlands most celebrated usage of gardening. The Netherlands really hosts the largest flower market in the universe in Aalsmeer. In 1995, Dutch agriculturists produced over 8 billion blooms and the flower auctions jointly traded more than 5.4 billion guldens ( about $ 3.2 billion ) in cut flowers and potted workss, lending over 4 billion guldens yearly to the Dutch balance of trade. When flower plantsmans in the Netherlands works their flowers they use shovels to works the seeds. It takes a few yearss work to acquire some of the largest flower gardens planted. When the flowers have bloomed they use manus held cutters to cut the roots of the flower the arrange them into pots and assorted cosmetic corsages. They besides have simple pails filled with H2O to H2O the flowers. In the flower gardens the division of labour is done by accomplishment. It is normally the proprietor of the flower store who does the combine of the different flowers into corsages. The proprietor is the most skilled worker in the garden. The unskilled workers in the garden would be the people who works the seeds with their shovels and trowels. The same people who works the seeds are normally the same 1s who gather the flowers once they bloom, and do so utilizing manus powered cutters so conveying them to the individual who is responsible for seting them into corsages. The Netherlands is known for their usage of sheep in their vesture, but other animate beings are raised excessively. The elevation of cattles, hogs, and caprine animals are other illustrations of pastoralism. The people of the Netherlands usage merchandises from animate beings in their vesture and for nutrient. They besides use the animate beings themselves as a nutrient beginning such as the usage of butchered cattles and hogs for their meat. The method of raising animate beings in the Netherlands is done utilizing pastoralism. When a sheep pastoralist is turning sheep they use fencings to maintain the sheep from running off, they besides make common usage of barns to protect the sheep from conditions when they are non on the grazing land. To hydrate the sheep they use troughs filled with H2O, and the sheep provender themselves with grass from the grazing land. The chief usage of sheep in the Netherlands is for their pelt. The pelt on a sheep is cut off by husbandmans by garnering a sheep with sufficient pelt growing so the pelt is cut of utilizing razors and scissors, cleaned with coppices that have metal pins that stretch the wool, so whirl into narration utilizing big machines. The division of labour on the wool farms is done by accomplishment. The individual who owns the farm is the highest skilled individual on the farm and is normally the most experient. The proprietor is the 1 who supervises the other workers on the farm as they tend to the more simple undertakings designated for less skilled persons. The less skilled workers on the farms do undertakings such as make fulling the H2O troughs and garnering sheep to hold their fur cut. As in many other countries of the universe the people of the Netherlands usage Electronic Information Technology as a major subsistence scheme. Electronic Information Technology is used extensively in the Netherlands to maintain path of information such as banking, in libraries, instruction records, and touristry. Banking makes a heavy usage of Electronic Information Technology. The Bankss in the Netherlands usage computing machines hardware, package, hard currency registries, debit cards, money counters, and the cyberspace. The Banking is done with electronic and physical mediums where people desiring to pass money and hard currency cheques can travel to a bank Teller who so counts the money utilizing their custodies or a money counter, inputs the sum of hard currency withdrawn or deposited into a computing machine which has package that keeps path of history balances. The computing machine is connected to the cyberspace which enables other Bankss in to maintain path of the individuals account. When the individual has the money deposited they can pass the money in their history at shops and their money will be withdrawn accurately from their checking history. The division of labour at Bankss in the Netherlands is done by accomplishment. The most skilled people in a bank are the Managers. These people have accountant grades and old ages of experience in the banking field. The unskilled workers of the Bankss are the bank Tellers who normally have a grade in accounting but lack the experience of the more skilled directors. Other unskilled workers include security guards that protect hard currency when it is being transported, or janitors that clean the bank. Unskilled bank workers normally have a limited instruction merely a few old ages experience. Every field I have discussed combines a few or all of the subsistence schemes I have discussed. An illustration of this is the murphy husbandmans who use agribusiness as their chief subsistence scheme, but they combine other 1s to a lesser grade. For case the murphy husbandmans will utilize Electronic Information Technology to maintain path of the sum of murphies that they grow for different seasons, so compare the different growings to seek and better their harvests for the following season. The Netherlands employs a Centralized political system because they yield their sovereignty to a centralised monarchy every bit good as a democracy. The monarchy of the Netherlands is given power by birth but is non a major force of power in the Netherlands, and is largely for ceremonial intents. The monarchy has a minimum sum of power over the legislator. The monarchy usually merely subject measures to the legislator. The holders of the power in the Netherlands are the household of the monarchy which is merely legitimized through faith. The democracy of the Netherlands is legitimized by elections which are done locally utilizing Electronic Information Technology. The people who are allowed to vote are all citizens of the Netherlands above the age of 18. The constabulary force of the Netherlands is divided into divisions that are run by a Head Commissioner who manages the forces. There are many Head Commissioners throughout the Netherlands that all run a individual territory. The territories are divided into parts. The sum of single constabulary forces in the country is comparative to the sum of offense and population in the country. There are about 55,000 constabularies employees functioning in the Netherlands. There is besides a royal constabulary force in the Netherlands known as the Royal Marechaussee. The Marechaussee force was created by King William the 1st to protect and administrate the will and people of the sovereign, but they are now used as boundary line constabulary, military constabulary and for guard responsibilities. The biggest type of reciprocality used in the Netherlands is negative reciprocality. This is done with a pecuniary system. The currency used in the Netherlands is the Euro, so money gained in the Netherlands is functional all over Europe. The Netherlands employs market exchange based on supply and demand, so when something is in demand the monetary value of it goes up. Fresh grapes in the off season are more expensive than they are in crop season because they are less available and harder to obtain. The Netherlands uses value added exchange in the economic sciences. An illustration of the usage of value added exchange is when a individual goes to the shop to purchase an apple the shop charges more for the apple than they do paid for it themselves. The shop is doing usage of negative reciprocality to derive a net income. There are some facets of socialism in the Netherlands. Thingss such as health care and route revenue enhancements are illustrations of socialistic patterns. The healt h care in the Netherlands is really high quality but most people buy their ain health care insurance, but there is subsidised health care for people who are considered low income. If you are traveling to make concern in the Netherlands it is of import for you to be on clip. The Dutch are organized so they feel that even being a few proceedingss tardily is highly unprofessional. The Dutch value their relationships over clip and anticipate honestness in people? s concern patterns. When person in the Netherlands does concern with you they are usually seeking to acquire trueness and repetition concern. Christian religion is the largest faith followed in the Netherlands, so most of citizens are monotheistic and believe in the individual God that Christianity does. The largest faith is Roman Catholicism, whose disciples make up to 31 per centum of the population. The Dutch pattern Christian holidays such as Christmas and Easter with traditions of the vacations dwelling of spiritual rites. The honestness and humbleness that Catholicism encourages is evident in the cordial reception that the Dutch exhibit in a private environment in their places, every bit good as their concern patterns. Monogamy is the matrimony pattern that is supported in the Netherlands, this is a consequence of the Roman Catholic faith that is the largest faith in the Netherlands. When people get married in the Netherlands they choose their spouses by dating for usually old ages at a clip. They usually marry in their economic category, and ethnicity because they have a difficult clip meeting and relating to people from other categories or ethnicities. When people get married they do so because they are in love with each other and one time they marry they live in nonlocal homes. They still maintain contact with their drawn-out households but live with their atomic households. Normally the visit or are visited by their drawn-out households during vacations and particular occasions. Decent is traced through patrialiange because when people get married they get the name of the male line. Peoples refer to their family by gender where siblings are Brothers being male and Sisters being female. Parents are? Mother? which is female and? Father? which male. Peopless siblings kids are called Nieces for females and Nephews for males. In the Netherlands there are upper, in-between and lower category people who are divided by the size of their fiscal income. The largest category is the centers category which makes up more than half of the population of the Netherlands. The unemployment rate in the Netherlands is 4.2 per centum. I interviewed my brother who had spent a summer in Europe and visited Amsterdam for a weekend trip, and found that the most interesting thing to me that he talked about was the nutrient. He talked about how they cooked truly delightful home-style nutrients and that every eating house he visited tasted like he had a repast that was made merely for him. He said that the old edifice even houses added a batch of character to the architecture that you don t usually see in the United States. My brother was really able to see the Heineken Brewery in Amsterdam although he was non able to acquire a circuit. He said that the night life was really pretty urban which came as a surprise to me because I was anticipating to hold a more conservative attitude. My brother suspected that it was because of the metropolis and people he was remaining with that he had this experience. He besides noted that people ride their motorcycles far more frequently in Amsterdam than do here in the United States, whi ch he said was because they don? Ts have to worry so much about parking. He said that there were eating houses that you could order Pot in, and that it was acceptable and legal to smoke it. I found it interesting that a civilization that frequently characterizes itself with honestness and humbleness had such broad positions on drugs.Bibliographyâ€Å" Amsterdam Information Video Tour. † YouTube.com. 26 Dec. 2006. Web. 4 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/ & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Amsterdamn Landmarks and Amsterdam Mounuments. † World Guides.com. Web. 6 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.world-guides.com/ & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Economy of the Netherlands. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Floral Industry. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Geography of the Netherlands. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 1 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page & A ; gt ; . Gormley, Myra Vanderpool. â€Å" The Duch Touch Upon America. † Genealogymagazine.com. Web. 1 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.genealogymagazine.com/index.html & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Royal Marechaussee. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 3 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Vote in National Elections – the Netherlands. † AngloInfo. 8 Apr. 2010. Web. 5 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //hollandsouth.angloinfo.com/ & A ; gt ; .

Siemens Bribery Case

Ian Collins Survey of Global Business Professor Portillo BSAD 113W 18 February 2013 Assignment #3: Siemens Bribery Scandal Before 1999 the use of bribery in Germany was not illegal and could be deducted as a business expense in a company’s taxes. This allowed companies like Siemens to gain the upper hand and have an unfair advantage over their competition in acquiring business deals around the world. Then when the law changed, Siemens still utilized bribery, and employed bribery tactics in other countries where it was also illegal.In this case study I’m going to analyze the rationale and high levels of corruption that transpired in the Siemens bribery scandal and utilize the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises to illustrate the negative impact of bribery. Siemens use of bribery initially could have been justified by the fact that German laws allowed it and was not illegal until 1999; the issue wa s that Siemens continued to use bribery even after the law had changed.Corruption was deeply embedded in the business culture. Siemens transferred money into Swiss bank accounts to avoid detection and then hired contractors to set up the bribes. These actions were standard operating procedures for corporate executives who viewed bribery as a business strategy. Senior executives even made certain individuals that were directly in charge of the bribery funds sign compliance forms stating they had not engaged in that kind of activity, bribes were referred to as ‘useful’ money.The punishment Siemens faced involved paying fines totaling $2. 6 billion. In the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, which sets voluntary principles and standards for business conduct, clearly outlines the negative aspects that comes from bribery. â€Å"Bribery and corruption are damaging to democratic institutions and the governance of corporations. They discourage investment and distort international competitive conditions.In particular, the diversion of funds through corrupt practices undermines attempts by citizens to achieve higher levels of economic, social and environmental welfare, and it impedes efforts to reduce poverty. Enterprises have an important role to play in combating these practices. † In defense of the Siemens employees, many of them just believed that was how business was done and had the best interests of the company at heart. It was about keeping the business alive and not jeopardizing thousands of jobs,† if this indicates the intention of the employees then the act is more justifiable than just doing the action out of greed. Siemens is a company that allowed greed to cloud their judgement to use bribery to gain the upper hand, as well as not evolving with the changing laws. You can only speculate as to the real thought process behind the choice to engage in bribery, whether i t was done knowingly to gain an unfair advantage or sincerely to protect the jobs of many employees, the action was still committed.A company needs to be aware of the laws, regulations and what is considered acceptable business conduct of the other countries it chooses to do business with and not violate them, including the use of bribery. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://lilymayunjue. blogspot. com/2012/06/summary-of-siemens-bribery. html [ 2 ]. http://www. nytimes. com/2008/12/16/business/worldbusiness/16siemens. html? _r=0 [ 3 ]. http://www. oecd. org/daf/inv/mne/48004323. pdf [ 4 ]. Article: Siemens Bribery Scandal

The copernican revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The copernican revolution - Essay Example They made arguments against Copernicus’ writings, whether they were Protestant or Catholic, and overall agreed to condemn them in a religious manner. In addition, these leaders found that Copernicus’ writings disagreed with the ancient theories of Aristotle and Ptolemy, giving their objections not only a religious aspect but an alternative scientific explanation that was more consistent with their beliefs. They showed quotations from the Bible such as Psalm 93 that indicated that the earth was station, also claimed that the science behind Copernicus’ arguments was impossible regardless of the scriptural conflict. Cardinal Bellarmine’s letter comes after Galileo supported Copernicus’ writings. The Cardinal writes to the leader of the Carmelites, who attempted to reconcile the Copernican theories with Catholic scripture. The Cardinal pointed out that making this claim was bound to cause more controversy, and could be dangerous. He also insisted that e ven if some conflicts could be resolved, it would be most difficult to reconcile all scriptural passages with the science, and thus the science would have to be wrong. He warns against the heresy of misinterpreting scripture, and says that there still is no real scientific evidence behind Copernican theory.

Total Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Total - Assignment Example The technique was developed by Albert Humphrey. He led a convention during his stay at Stanford University in the 1960s and the 1970s. He incorporated data from some Fortune500 companies. 2_In Total E&P Ltd we often work in challenging environments and have to strive to achieve our objectives. Please describe your most outstanding non-academic achievement highlighting your approach to any significant difficulties faced in meeting your objective(s). I was a member of the ISC-Student body during my undergraduate study. During the course of my study, I was asked to organize a career expo event. This was the first of its kind event in my college and funds were very limited. The biggest difficulty that I encountered was mobilizing the limited resources I had in achieving my target. I decided to collect and arrange for sponsors. Convincing them was quiet an ordeal as no one was willing to sponsor. Eventually I organized a fund raiser campaign and ended up accomplishing my objective successfully. 3_In Total E&P Ltd, we have a diverse mix of men and women who sometimes have different ideas on how to proceed. The ability to draw on these differences, influence others and then move forward with a common purpose is critical. Please describe a challenging occasion, which required your persuasive skills and your ability to organize other people in order to reach a successful resolution. I had gone to India for a traineeship in 2009 where I was inducted in a trainee apartment which had interns from different backgrounds. In one of our group tasks we had to zero down on a presentation draft for our task. Different people with different temperaments, made it difficult to come up with a theme of the presentation. Eventually, I convinced everyone to let an Indian theme work as the target market is Indian and it will appeal people more if

Child abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Child abuse - Essay Example He therefore recommends that parents should be treated alongside their children through the use of therapeutic techniques that will make them more sensitive to each other's needs. This is followed by a research into the effectiveness of home-visits by social welfare units in checking child abuse. The final paper examined is the writing of Dr. Jim Hooper about statistics into child abuse and why children are not reporting abuses. The paper ends by making recommendations based on these empirical findings of these authorities. Keywords: Child abuse, culture, society, community, violence, sexual abuse Introduction Child abuse is a major problem that affects the growth of children. Oates (1996, p2) defines child abuse as any non-accidental injury; physical, emotional or sexual that a child suffers from acts or omissions on the part of his or her parents or guardians. Child abuse exists in four main forms (Harelin, 2000 p6). There is the physical abuse which involves actions that harms the body of a child like hitting, kicking, slapping and punching. Usually, physical abuse leaves injuries to a child. There is the emotional abuse which includes anything said or done to hurt a child's feelings or self esteem. Examples include frequent blaming, insult and shouting. Harelin states that this is the most destructive form of abuse to children. There is neglect which involves ignoring or choosing not to take care of a child's basic needs like food, shelter and clothing (Harelin, 2006, p7). Finally, there is the issue of sexual abuse which involves the use of actions related to sex to harm a child. Examples include rape, incest and child pornography. These four forms of child abuse are universally accepted as wrong and destructive. Many nations, under the auspices of the United Nations have laws that make these four practices illegal. There are also issues that can be technically defined as child abuse, but its inclusion in statutes is quite controversial (Matthews 2004 p396 ). This include withholding medical care to children, corporal punishment and child maltreatment in youth sports. Several studies have been conducted into child abuse that aim at diagnosing and providing a cue to how the issue of child abuse can be solved using empirical studies. This paper examines four of such studies Children, Childhoods & Violence by Jill Korbin In this article, Jill Korbin identifies the link between culture, the society and child abuse. Korbin therefore uses her in-depth knowledge in anthropology to identify the intervention points of child abuse and the real society. She tries to diagnose the issue of child abuse and measure how it finds its way into the society and vice versa. In other words, she looks at the sociological push and pull factors that brings about the issue of child abuse in societies around the world. In setting the parameters of her discussion, Korbin states that the dynamics of the violent treatment of children can be categorized into settin g, perpetrators, type, severity, age and gender, as well as the cultural context (p431). With these yardsticks, the concept could be examined in a given society either individually or collectively. Korbin states that child abuse could flourish in a given society due to three main factors: cultural promoters, cultural categorization/discrimination and structural violence (p437). Cultural promoters like idiosyncrasies, which include things that

Substance dualism is necessary for beings to have free will Essay - 1

Substance dualism is necessary for beings to have free will - Essay Example Since the mind is not physical, it cannot be bound by physical laws that govern the body, thus, beings are free not only to do as they please, but also to do otherwise than they usually do. In this respect, responsible human actions are not related to mechanical causation as presupposed by materialism, the philosophical belief that humans are physical beings whose motions are bound by laws of physics (Wartick). A strong sense of free will is supported by dualism, unlike other philosophical thoughts such as materialism because, according to Descartes, humans have an infinite will to act involuntarily and to be held accountable for their actions, and an understanding capable of showing those clear and distinct perceptions. This paper proposes that substance duality is necessary for individuals to have a free will, not only to do as they please, but also to do contrary to their conventional ways by building a strong case for duality and disqualifying contrary opinion. Intentionality, of ten referred to as the ‘of-ness’ or ‘about-ness’ of mental states is undoubtedly the strongest argument in favor of dualism (â€Å"Case for dualism†); physical objects are spatial and have specific shapes unlike mental states such as thoughts and senses that are non-spatial. However, physical objects cannot be about or of each other because ‘about-ness’ or ‘of-ness’ is exclusively a mental phenomenon that is not within the physical realms, therefore, the lack of an equivalent of the intentionality phenomenon in the physical reality is a strong case for duality. On the contrary, mental states have ‘about-ness’ and ‘of-ness’; for instance, if one thinks that a certain painting is beautiful, then it means that the individual’s thought that the painting is beautiful is about the painting and cannot be reduced to any conceivable physical fact about the individual’s mind. Additionally, the f act that the individual’s thought that a painting is beautiful is about the painting cannot be identified with their disposition to react in certain ways like exclaiming and marveling verbally after viewing the painting. In this respect, an individual’s thinking is beyond the mere predisposition or tendency to act in certain ways because if that was not the case then it would automatically imply that individuals would never be aware of what they were thinking about until and after a corresponding behavior has been manifested physically. The implication for this intentionality argument, therefore, is that intentional mental states are purely holistic in nature and are not dependent on any physical manifestation, and because of its intentionality, the mind is very distinct from material non-mental things that are purely physical and mechanical in nature. In this respect, since no physical phenomenon has that aspect, intentionality is not a construct of the physical world , but a mental phenomenon; the absence of a counterpart feature in physical materialism proves that it is possible for the mental to exist separately, unaffected by the physical. Following this intentionality argument, dualism provides strong case for free will because then it implies that individuals have a limitless capacity to think on their own accord and to act on their own accord as well, voluntarily. The intentionality feature makes a great case for the argument that the mind and the body are purely

Information literacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information literacy - Research Paper Example fective, and acceptable ways of family planning of their choice, and have the right to appropriate health-care services that enable women to go through pregnancy and childbirth safely (Nelen et al., 916-91). Accessibility of sexual and reproductive health care is both a critical need and a right, but during crisis situations; when vulnerabilities increase drastically increase, these services are not always available or even prioritized. In fact, lack of accessibility to sexual and reproductive health care leads to the cause of disease, death and disability amongst displaced women and girls within the reproductive age. The majority of countries that have high maternal mortality rates are affected by conflict for not providing reproductive health services. The womens Refugee Commission works on the innovative programming to improve the sexual and reproductive health of all people affected by crises. Their initiatives include; emergency preparedness and disaster risk reduction, community empowerment approaches and new technologies, and child marriage and emergency response. It involved identifying critical gaps in sexual and reproductive health and making recommendations on the solutions to meet the needs of the women and girls specifically. In order to ensure that lifesaving reproductive health services are provided from the very beginning of an emergency situation. The UN agencies, donors, governments and other organizations need to ensure they are implementing the Minimum Initial Service Packages (MISP) for Reproductive Health during crises situations. There should be a set of priority practices and tradition for health care professionals. When a crisis situation stabilizes, the full range of all sexual and reproductive health services should be made available for all persons. It is the difference between life and death to access quality health services. This access is limited particularly in crisis settings, increasing the risk of maternal death. The main

Managing Intelligence Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managing Intelligence Activities - Essay Example According to the United States government legislative procedures, the house of Congress oversees the enactment, implementation of security funds under the National Defense Authorization Act. One of the challenges facing budget planning is information agency problem. The Department of Defense withholds the security operations accounted for every dollar allocated. As a result of an inconsistent agreement, disparity in fund allocation exists. For instance, The Black Budget revealed that Research and technology accounted for only 1% of the $52.6 billion budget proposal. The incite highlights the oblivion of facts by the Congress and security agencies on the imminence of security threats such as cyber crimes.Another challenge is the resource constraint and the unpredictable economic stability. A budget is a proposal based on historical concepts and thus provides a thin link with the unforeseen circumstances. For instance, the National Security Intelligence program has had to request for i ncreased budget allocation in order to counter security lapses in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as the rising cases of cyber crimes. In another perspective, integration of all security agencies in the United States is paramount. The National Security Agency (NSA) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) have been overlapping on their responsibilities; a factor that has resulted in the Latter’s budget exceeding the National Security Agency’s budget for the year 2013 by 50% (Miller & Gellman, 2013).

The Benefits of Nuclear Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Benefits of Nuclear Power - Essay Example The Nuclear Power was the most significant innovation of the Twentieth Century and could potentially affect the Twenty First Century as much as any other innovation. Nuclear energy is commonly understood to the most practical alternative to electric generating power plants that burn coal for fuel. Nuclear powered plants, as a substitute for coal-burning plants, could play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The biggest test mankind faces in the Twenty First Century is reversing the cataclysmic effects of global warming caused by fossil fuel emissions and to combat the misperceptions of nuclear generated power from the extensive criticism it has been subjected to during the past three decades. If the world’s countries and people are serious about ending the burning of fossil fuels and stop the acceleration of global climate change, alternative fuels such as bio-fuel and renewable energy such as solar and wind power must be rapidly employed on a large scale. However, these types of energy alone are not sufficient to replace oil and coal as the most prevalent power sources therefore the levels of CO2 emissions will continue to rise. Scientists have caution that if far-reaching radical steps are not employed now, the consequences of global climate change will quickly become irreversible and the earth’s temperature will continue to increase despite future attempts to diminish these dangerous emissions. Consequently, nuclear power plants should be built as soon as possible to replace coal burning facilities. â€Å"Nuclear energy is a clean, safe, reliable and competitive energy source. It is the only source of energy that can replace a significant part of the fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) which massively pollute the atmosphere and contribute to the greenhouse effect† (Comby, 2006). Nuclear plants are the only alternative to coal that would be able to provide all the electricity power needs for both residential and businesses and residential customers. Nuclear power is the only feasible energy alternative that could replace the enormous energy needs of the world’s people and, if implemented with a sense of urgency, could be constructed in time to save the earth from the most horrific consequences. Environmentalists who are against nuclear electric plants should appreciate that this is the best way to avoid the ominous affects of irreversible global climate change. Their anxiety principally concerns nuclear waste disposal. â€Å"Nuclear waste is to be deposited in deep geological storage sites; it does not enter the biosphere. Its impact on the ecosystems is minimal. An intelligent combination of energy conservation, and renewable energies for local low-intensity applications, and nuclear energy for base-load electricity production, is the only viable way for the future† (Comby, 2006). Some detractors of nuclear power point to the possible deaths resulting from nuclear accidents. To date, o nly the nuclear power plant melt-down at Chernobyl caused deaths. No deaths are associated with the recent plant damage in Japan. Compare nuclear power plants safety record to that of coal mines. Chernobyl was unique. That type of accident could not occur in any other plant because all the currently operating reactors in the world are located inside a containment structure (Chernobyl was not). The 1979 Three Mile Island reactor core meltdown, which was the result of a failure in its core cooling system, emitted a lot of radiation but the reactor was housed in a containment structure which kept the radiation from being released into the air. There were no deaths or injuries. (Miller, 2004) Nuclear power is safer and more dependable than ever before. We cannot allow the

New York Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New York - Essay Example st celebrations of various generations of a family and the photographs that have been used in it have been digitally modified to look like the subjects of this portrait are sorrowful. Most of Gaicolea’s work shows a great deal of ambition because he combines so many different elements, which make his work unique. They tend to end up looking both mournful and magical but this outcome is not usually guaranteed because there are some pieces of his work, which have not turned out so well. In fact, some combinations Gaicolea has made evoke the feeling that they have been forced together and that it would have been better if the elements had been used separately. Despite the fact that his paintwork is quite well done and can even be said to be accomplished, Gaicolea’s photography is not very impressive and most of his photographs seem to have an awkwardness and ill composure that could only have been brought about by an attempt to blend reality with the imagined

Boston Chicken Case Essay Example for Free

Boston Chicken Case Essay Boston Chicken implemented a franchising strategy that differed from most other franchising companies at the time. Boston Chicken focused its expansion through franchising the company through large regional developers rather than selling store franchises to a large number of small franchisees. In that, an established network of 22 regional franchises that targeted their operations in the 60 largest U.S. metropolitan markets and in order to do so, the franchisee would have been an independent experienced businessman with vast financial resources and would be responsible for opening 50 – 100 stored in the region. Boston Chicken focused on widespread continuous expansion of its operations to become to developed across the board food chain. Scouting for real estate assured the highest standards for developing properties and was critical to the company’s future success. To assist in future growth of the franchises, Boston Chicken implemented a communications infrastructure, which provided a supporting link for communication between its networks of stores. In addition in efforts to improve operating efficiency, the company locked in low rates from its suppliers and developed flagship stores, which did most of the initial food preparation which inadvertently reduced employee training costs. Many of these regional developers were given a revolving credit line to help support expansion. This type of financing came with credit risk while the franchises average revenue from operations were not sufficient enough to cover the expenses which raises doubt for the repayment of such loans. 2. The accounting policy of reporting the franchise fees from Boston Chicken’s area developers as revenue seemed most controversial. These franchise fees, which accounted for more than 50% of total revenue, did not represent revenues from operations. Also, the source of most of the ranchise fees came from the financing provided by Boston Chicken, the franchiser, where the money coming in was the same money that was going out. This overstated earnings of the company. Since the debentures can be converted into shares of common stock, most of the revenue from franchise fees should have been deferred. Reporting revenues that included these franchise fees his the fact the most of the franchised stores were operating at a loss, which provided a false impression to investors. While Boston Chicken, the franchiser reported a net income from operations of $24,611 in 1994, if they excluded the income provided by franchise fees, they company-operated stores would have been operating at a loss, which would have been a more accurate picture for the company’s operations and its question of having a profitable future. 3. Boston Chicken, the franchiser, reports revenue based on franchise fees (includes royalties, initial franchise development costs, interest income from area developer financing, lease income, software fees, and other related franchise fees), and company operated stores. The revenue reported on the income statement does not reflect the operating income or losses generated by the area developers, with most of these area developers operating at a loss. Since the franchiser provides financing to the area developers, it seems that consolidation of the financial statements would provide vital information to the users of the financial statements especially since the repayment of loans relies heavily on the profitability of the franchisees. Basically, Boston Chicken was not reporting the results of operations from its area developers because Boston Chicken did not have an equity position in these firms; rather their stake in these franchises was reported as debt financing. In doing so, Boston Chicken did not have to report the losses that were incurred in these operations. By manipulating the financial statements, the company gave a false impression on its future prospects of the company, allowing them to more freely raise capital through the issuance of common stock, and inadvertently inflating tock prices.

Social Pedagogy in Child Development

Social Pedagogy in Child Development The education success of both children and young people cannot be comprehended, not in education terms, but must also align with social and economic circumstances that afflict them. Community education can be perceived as grounded in three key pillars, namely: the nature of man; the prevailing social conditions and social challenges; and, pedagogy. The idea of social pedagogy avails a fascinating collection of paradigms in facilitating education for sociality. The social education plus the social group manifests some overlapping concerns as pedagogue has tended to strip away its democratic and communal significance minimizing it to pedagogy for case management. Until the end of the last century, in UK, the local and national policy remained grounded in concise boundaries between the disciplines of education, social care, and childcare. The distinct divisions were evident at diverse levels whether conceptual, organizational, professional, and in relation to training and education. Nevertheless, the UK has witnessed significant changes in administrative reorganization of the responsibility for childrens services and a change in the manner in which individuals envision provision for both children and young people. Social pedagogy delineates education in the expansive sense of the word or a perspective entailing social action that aims at facilitating human welfare via child-rearing and education practices; to safeguard or ease social problems by availing individuals with the means to manage their own lives, and effect changes within their circumstances. The fundamental notion of social pedagogy centres on facilitating social functioning, inclusion, involvement, social identity and competence as fully functional members of the society. Social pedagogy in practice incorporates an all encompassing and personal approach to child care in all its facets that connects education and care, and support for families. In addition, social pedagogy avails a prospective approach to training at diverse levels that integrates education, psychology, and philosophy with the spheres of child care, family support, and the advancement of childrens rights. Social pedagogy can be viewed as an activity and a collection of ideas that, while mirroring the broader concerns for the welfare of children, is organic and adjustable to the attributes of the society, and mirrors humanistic values grounded in a representation of children as active agents in society. As such, social pedagogy operates in the here and now and employs the moment as a launch pad for pedagogical practice. Social pedagogues have been implemented across Europe in a broad range of service such as early years, schools, residential care, youth work and family support, disability services, and in some instances support for the senior citizens. Public policy within England has started to acknowledge that social, pedagogic training is a significant way to enhance practice within social care. This stems from the realization that this bears the potential to underpin a more collaborative approach, and aid to establish a shared language for working with children that could be adopted by diverse professionals operating within their own practice contexts. Social pedagogy bears a critical focus on constructing relationships via practical engagement with children, the youth, and families. It avails the basis for training entities working with children and young people and presents a certain expertise in working with groups and utilizing the group as a support. Social pedagogy can be employed as a foundation for workforce reform within UK since it can avail a strong basis for an approach to children, young people, and families that exemplify ideals of active citizenship, rights, and participation. The positive aspects that can be derived from social, pedagogic practice entail: it avails a holistic view to engaging children and youth by exploring on the whole child/young person and availing support to their overall development. Social pedagogy underlines relationship building with children and young people, especially in the development of practical skills to assist in the relationship building. Similarly, social pedagogy highlights child ren and young peoples development, especially on their emotional wellbeing. Social pedagogy demonstrates the significance of reflection, and the capability to herald both theoretical understanding and self knowledge to the process of working with young people, besides it facilitates childrens rights, participation, and empowerment. Effectiveness of social pedagogy in working with children, young people, and families Drawing from several case studies on successful approaches to enhancing the wellbeing of looked after children within other countries such as Denmark, Germany, and France, British stakeholders working within childcare settings and with young people can draw immense and promising lessons from social, pedagogic models with the primary social, pedagogic objective being fostering healthy cognitive, and social development within everyday settings. Bringing social pedagogy to England is likely to better childrens services and herald greater coherence with several services becoming largely social pedagogic provisions. The holistic notion of social pedagogy combines two dimensions: the social (caring) and the pedagogic (cognitive). This prompts some elementary alterations in the way in which the government should engage children and young people. The adoption of social pedagogy will aid to deliver a stronger workforce manifesting better communication professionals engaged with both children and young people, thus highlighting elevated focus on every aspect of the childs life. According to the UNICEF report (2007), UK ranks low in terms of child wellbeing assessment in which factors such as health and safety, material wellbeing, childrens relationships, education wellbeing, young peoples behaviours and risks. Thus, is essential that action undertaken by UK at the national level matches its European counterparts. The incorporation of social pedagogy in the work of children and young people will work towards elevating UK standards, and enhancing childrens and young peoples overall wellbeing. The adoption of social pedagogy can avail a number of benefits to social policy. As an overarching concept, social pedagogy could bring enhanced coherence to childrens and young peoples services as demonstrated by the adoption of Childrens Plan. In addition, pedagogy could also avail a platform for discussing aspirations of children and young people within the society. Social pedagogy also manifests the capability to establish the family support network and reinforce childrens overall development. Social pedagogy can serve several aspects of government policy towards both children and young people. Pedagogy manifests the possibility for an inclusive approach. The normalizing approach inherent in social pedagogy aligns with governments aims for children with exceptional needs. Pedagogic approaches are mainly child-focused, instead of procedure-focused. Although attention to procedures is a significant part of work, it should not necessary shape it basis. Overall the adoption of social pedagogy will deliver immense support to reinforcing professionalism of the worker and enhancing the transparency of practice, which avail best guarantee to child safety. Social pedagogy plays a role in working with young people via the provision of personal advisor services. Fundamental to the concept of social pedagogy is the pursuit to enhance current welfare practice by facilitating creativity. Creativity depicts an active process whereby the social pedagogue works with the individual employing their service in the manner in which they maximize their potential, their capability t arrive at decisions and enhance their life chances. The inventive and all-encompassing approach to social pedagogy can deliver beneficial effects with regard to enhancing self belief and self confidence of individuals within a range of varying situations. A critical feature of social pedagogy is the recreation of relationships depicted by an attempt to enhance social assimilation and a commitment to guaranteeing that the people pedagogues work with, connect and/or re-engage with the communities in which they reside. According to Eischesteller and Rapey (2007), social pedagogy could play a critical function in reclaiming the nucleus values of the youth work within the UK. The adoption of social pedagogy can empower the participants and reinforce their self esteem, their acting, skill and individual development of productive new life. As such, young people will be able to turn a problem into something that they can be able to work with as mirrored by the close and compassionate character of the social pedagogues rapport with the young people. The social pedagogues can aid young people to exercise significant steps with regard to developing essential life skills. Social pedagogy is likely to benefit children and young people within the UK, as is avails support and direction to young people who might feel dislodged and cut off from the society by aiding them to gain support and direction. Social pedagogy highlights excellence in youth work and social work practice and facilitates children and young people to be proficient fully functional members of the society. Social pedagogy is beneficial in constructing positive informal relationships that enable professionals to view individuals in a holistic way. Problems and/or Barriers to the adoption of Social Pedagogy It is apparent that the implementation of social pedagogy is reliant on its social context; therefore, the implementation of social pedagogy within the UK will differ from that of the European counterparts and must be assembled in dialogue with professionals, building on the present practice, motivating them with diverse ideas, and underlying their practice with pedagogic thinking, concepts, and theories. There may be barriers to introducing the term social pedagogy to the children, and youth workforce n England owing to deficiency in familiarity with the language of social pedagogy, diverse interpretations on the connotation of social, pedagogic policy, and absence of a tradition of social pedagogy policy, training, theory, and practice. One of the outstanding problems that manifests in the adoption of social pedagogy is the perceived competition with social work, plus other professions. The greatest divergence social work and social pedagogy centres on the degree to which social pedagogues remained trained for work within group settings, in which they share the daily lives and activities of both children and young people. This is less factual for social work within UK since in the rest Europe, social work and social pedagogy do not appear to be in competition as they manifest diverse complementary facets of work. Another barrier to the introduction of social pedagogy into the UK entail the possibility that it will be perceived as being too idealistic; not adequately appropriate; not adequately well understood or valuable within a UK context; not essentially appropriate for all professionals working with young people or children; and, a discrepancy in its education and training. There may also be concerns centring on the challenges of funding and the potential dilution of individual specialisms, and the possibility of resistance of the workforce in the event that appropriate account was not considered of the cultural variations between the UK and the European countries. Another barrier stems from the observation that devoid of publicly funded training opportunities that match the duration and depth of those found in the rest of Europe a profession comparative to that of the pedagogue cannot be effectively established. Youth work within UK stands to be re-energized by the incorporation of social pedagogy framework within the activities of youth workers. The adopted perspective should move beyond an individual focus to one that employs an approach that appreciates structural perspectives. Nevertheless, in adopting a social pedagogy for work with children, young people, and families, it is critical to consider the difficulties of integrating social pedagogy into a diverse cultural, political, and social context. The practice and cultural shift apparent in the adoption of social pedagogy may not be always welcome. For instance, social pedagogy perceives risk taking as an educational goal that conflicts with the considerable priority awarded to health and safety within childrens homes. Whereas the values and the general approach of social pedagogy appeals to practitioners, there remain embedded difficulties within the organization of services for children within residential care when it comes to initiating social pedagogy. This implies a need to respond to social pedagogy not only as a training issue, but also a sector development issue. Conclusion UK should integrate social pedagogy for work with children, young people, and families in a constructive and beneficial way. The adoption of social pedagogy in the work with children and young people is likely to create an environment that cultivates relationships between young people and staff, and fashions a sense of positivity and wellbeing. The social, pedagogic model should be grounded in nurturing relationships, creativity, and individuality. Social pedagogy spotlights positive youth development that highlights young peoples assets rather than their deficits. This perspective can be broadened by identifying young people as agents of change. Social pedagogy would promote the children and young peoples workforce as it: persuade professionals not to compartmentalize certain facets of children or young peoples lives; delivers more person driven approach; persuade professionals to highlight the views of the children or young people; and, persuade professionals to consider all facets of a childs life.

Barriers to Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention

Barriers to Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention Redante Castro Introduction: There are many factors that interfere with health equity and the ability of the patients to get their healthcare needs met. Whether people are healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment. There are challenges that a patient and healthcare providers encounters in securing and providing health services. These social determinants of health, such as income, education, transportation, housing, and race or ethnicity, have powerful influence on a patient’s life long before they arrive at a hospital or clinic. According to literature, persistent social exclusion and inequities in wealth distribution and in access and use of services are reflected in health outcomes. Social exclusions and inequity are obstacles to human development. It poses barriers to poverty reduction strategies. It hinders social unity and improved health conditions of the populations. Social exclusion and inequity are further compounded by racial and gender discrimination. There are health disadvantages due to differences between segments of populations or between societies. There are health gaps arising from the differences between the worse-off and everyone else. Lastly, there are health gradients relating to differences across spectrum of the population. Studies have shown that the poorest of the poor have the worst health. This is also a global phenomenon, seen in low, middle, and high income countries. Within countries, studies showed that a person with low socioeconomic position has worse health- this is the soci al gradient of health. The poorest have the highest mortality rates. Improvements in income and education has a positive effect on health. One’s occupation is also relevant to health in terms of workplace risks exposure and its role in positioning the person along a society’s hierarchy. There is also demographic transition to consider that affects health, i.e., increasing life expectancy, increasing number of youths, growing number of elderly persons in the population, increased migration, and rapid urban growth. Population distribution and population age structure are crucial determinants of social, economic, and health-related services. For example, people in poverty are likely to be exposed to higher level of stress, economic uncertainty, and unhealthy conditions than their wealthier countrymen. It was recognized by some policymakers and stakeholders that the population’s health cannot be sustained by focusing solely on the financing and distribution of medical services. A more comprehensive and integrated strategies are necessary to foster health in all policies. An approach that integrate considerations of health, well-being, and equity in the development, implementation, and evaluation of policies and services. Determinants of health are being acknowledged and incorporated into health reform processes and policy changes are made. Examples of these policy changes are: regulation of alcohol and tobacco products, the expansion of healthier transportation systems (bicycle paths, pedestrian-friendly roads, and pathways), improvement in air and water quality, expansion of primary health care services, and improvements in nutrition programs. This new focus has helped divert the emphasis away from individual lifestyles and from a focus on disease towards broader determinan ts and actions that created a big impact on population health. However, it is probably fair to say that all community issues are political to some degree. For example, if a factory is poisoning town water system with its effluent and poisonous waste, local officials are faced with the choice of not dealing with the actual cause of the problem, i.e., the dumping of waste and endangering citizen’s health, or addressing the dumping and endangering citizen’s job. Differences of political opinion can have enormous consequences in the health of the community. Health is not merely the absence of illness or infirmity. It is the embodiment of physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual wellbeing (World Health organization, 2007). Spiritual wellbeing involves one’s religious belief. Religious belief is essentially personal and private matter over which the individual should exercise control and choice. It is of value to understand the relative importance of religious beliefs and practices in protecting and promoting the health of the people of religious faith and the need to protect their rights to practice this belief free from discrimination. There is an abundant evidence in literature that religiousness can generate multitude benefits in health outcomes. For people of faith, their religion and belief system may influence individual health-promoting practices, for example encouraging abstinence from alcohol or not eating pork. They may also influence social environments. Strong social support and participation have been found t o be associated with better health/ longer life and may be offered by some religious communities. To people of faith, prayer is very important while seeking healthcare or undergoing procedures, a prayer of support and encouragement when unfavorable result was received. There are some religious group that blood and blood products are not to be part of any treatment. For some religious groups, contraceptives, abortion and anti-life practices are against their belief system. With these in mind, alternative ways are to be sought to promote the health and wellbeing of the individual without compromising their belief system. Values are criteria that people use to evaluate actions, people and events. What is important to a person may not be important to someone else. Each individual holds numerous values with varying degrees of importance. Values are motivational construct. They refer to the desirable goals people strive to attain. People have different health care value system. There are three ways people will view their health: how they became ill, what made them ill, and how they believed they can be cured. Example, people from the East (China) would value acupuncture for pain management option. This in turn will cause health care providers to look at health treatment plan to accommodate those needs. Among Asian cultures, maintain family harmony is an important value. The interests and honor of the family are more important than those of individual family members. Older family members are respected, and their authority is often unquestioned. Therefore, due to respect for authority, disagreement with tr eatment recommendation by the health team is avoided. (McLaughlin, L. Braun, K. 1998). Ethnic discrimination and exclusion affects all aspects of the individual’s life, including those related to health. Studies show that indigenous working people has low income, low educational level, poor access to healthcare, and has high mortality rate. Health screening, diagnosis, and treatment inequities within and between communities of different race, ethnicity and socioeconomic background are evident. Poverty barriers are linked to lack of primary care physicians, geographical barriers to care, competing survival priorities, comorbidities, inadequate health insurance, lack of information and knowledge, risk –promoting lifestyles, provider-and system-level factors, perceived susceptibility to disease, cultural beliefs and attitudes. Social exclusion can be the result of prejudice, which results in different access to health care, education, or other services. These are social norms of acceptance of particular behaviors or practices. Culture influences how people define illness or wellness, how they understand the causes of illness or wellness, and whom they access to improve their health. Greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to better health. Culture-customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family, practices and behaviors, and community all affect health and even the outcomes of intervention. Example: smoking, or even alcohol abuse, may be accepted part of the culture of a community. In that case, many more people will adopt it than in a community where those practices are considered health risks. Some people think that health is not having any disease or illness, something that one feels. A paper from a conference of international health experts in 2011 sees health as the ability to adapt and to self-manage (Jocelyn Lowinger 2014).Medical News Today (2014) claims that most people accept that there are two aspects of health, physical and mental health. Most people relates physical health to good body health because of regular physical activity (exercise), good nutrition, and adequate rest. To some people, physical health involves structural health and chemical health. Structural health is associated with one’s height/weight ratio, body mass index, resting heart rate, and recovery time after exercise. Chemical health suggests that there are no toxic chemicals in one’s body and that there is a balance of nutrients needed by the body. Mental health on the other hand refers to people’s cognitive and emotional well-being. People have always found it easier to e xplain what mental illness is, rather than mental illness. Most people agree that mental health is the absence of mental illness. Mental health, to some people includes the ability to enjoy life, the ability to bounce back from adversities, the ability to achieve balance, to be flexible and adapt, the ability to feel safe and secure and making the best of what you have. Some views health as reflecting lifestyle, including a moral dimension and emotional well-being (MacInnes Milburn: 1994). Healthy behavior as not smoking, good diet, exercising, and not drinking alcohol to excess, a positive approach to life. Elderly people concepts of health were identified as the absence of disease, as a dimension of strength, weakness and exhaustion and health as a functional fitness. (Williams, R. (1983)†Concepts of Health: an analysis of Lay Logic†. Sociology 17:185-204). Illness results from negative attitudes, arising from a conflict between the individual and society-lifestyles in its widest sense. Ideas about causes of disease tend to emphasize biological rather than behavioral factors. Some of the agents of disease cited by working class women included infection, hereditary factors and environmental factors. The causes of disease are very much outside the control of the individual. Studies have also shown that people’s ideas about disease causation and vulnerability from illness are also influenced by biomedicine, example, and germ theory. However, people tend to take on beliefs which tend to fit with their lay understandings. (Calnan, M. (1987) Health and Illness: the Lay perspective. London: Tavistock). (Blaxter, M (1983) â€Å"The Causes of Disease: Women Talking†, Social Science and Medicine, 16:43-52). On the other hand, non-Western people views illness into two main systems according to anthropologists- personalistic and natur alistic. Personalistic system views illness to be caused by the active and purposeful intervention of an agent that may be: a supernatural being such as a deity or a god, a non-human being such as a ghost, ancestor, or evil spirit, or a human being such as a witch or a sorcerer. In this system, the sick person is a victim, the object of punishment directed specifically against him, for reasons that concerns him alone. In naturalistic system, illness is explained in impersonal, systemic terms. There is a concept of balance and equilibrium. Health prevails when elements in the body – heat, cold, the humors, etc. are in balance appropriate to the age and condition of the individual in his natural and social environment. (Foster, G. Anderson, B. (1978) Medical Anthropology New York: Jon Wiley). There are also beliefs or superstition that people believes as causative factor of illnesses. An understanding of people’s ideas about health maintenance and disease prevention is crucial to the success of health education and health promotion programs. One’s health beliefs may contribute to the knowledge of informal health care-how people manage their own health and whether they choose biomedical health services. Public attitudes towards health professionals and their authority as medical experts are changing. The days of blind trust in a doctor â€Å"who knows best† is history. Social and cultural processes that have encouraged change in interpersonal trust relations have stimulated changes in institutional trust. Beliefs about the limits of medical expertise together with concerns about the effectiveness of professional regulatory systems to ensure high standards of clinical care, magnified by the media coverage of medical errors and examples of medical incompetence, have eroded trust in health care organizations, in the medical professions in general, and in the health system as a whole. The lower level of institutional trust and the emergence of more informed and potentially demanding patients who are aware that expert knowledge may be contested and who may actively seek further opinions poses challenges for both governments and the medical professions and raises the question of wh ether trust is still relevant and necessary to the provision of medical care in the 21st century. (Trust relations in health care – new agenda/The European Journal of Public Health 2006) There should be policies to improve health in early life, such as equal opportunity of access to education, good nutrition, health education; access to health and preventive care facilities and access to adequate social and economic resources. Legislations to help protect minority and vulnerable groups from discrimination and social exclusion should be implemented. Government should intervene to reduce poverty and social exclusion at both individual and neighborhood levels. There should be policy regarding improvement in conditions of work and employees involvement in decision making process. For individuals who turn to drugs, alcohol and tobacco use – there should be a policy that aims to address the patterns of social deprivation in which the problems are rooted. Effective drug policy must be supported by the broad framework of social and economic policy. Conclusion: Countries, such as New Zealand can develop health policy changes in assembling and promoting effective, evidence based practices, place health equity as a shared goal across governments and other sectors of society, build a sustainable global movement and to turn public health knowledge into political action. Governments should recognize that welfare programs need to address both psychosocial and material needs.

Candide Essay -- essays research papers

CANDIDE By Voltaire   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout Candide the author, Voltaire, demonstrates the character’s experiences in a cruel world and his fight to gain happiness. In the beginning Candide expects to achieve happiness without working for his goal and only taking the easy way out of all situations. However, by the end of the book the character realized that to achieve happiness a lot of work, compromises, and sacrifices are necessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Candide is a person of privilege who began life in the Castle of Westphalia. While a part of the castle-life, Candide was taught by Dr. Pangloss. Pangloss is a philosopher who teaches there is a cause for all things and that everything is all for the good, even though a person may not understand it at the time. Suddenly, however, Candide is exiled from the privileged confines of the castle when he is caught kissing Cunegonde, the daughter of the Baron. Upon his exile Candide immediately begins to face adversities. Candide finds himself in the army simply because he is the right size. His life in the army is nothing but turmoil and hardship. Despite the misfortunes of army life, Candide continues to believe there is a cause and effect for all things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After leaving the army, Candide once again is paired with his mentor Dr. Pangloss. Pangloss is now a diseased beggar. Pangloss is soon cured of his disease and he and Candide are befriended by a charitable Anabaptist. ...

Comparing A Streetcar Named Desire and The Glass Menagerie :: essays research papers

“A Streetcar Named Desire'; and “The Glass Menageries were written by Tennessee William in the late Thirties, where the depression made countless of people struggled in poverty. Both of the plays used the typical American family during the Thirties as the background setting. There were many similarities between the plays: including characters and events. Did Tennessee William write the same play twice? Or, did the plays each hold a different meaning underneath?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before analyzing the two plays, we must first analyze the characters. Blanche Dubois in “A Streetcar Named Desire'; and Laura Wingfield in “The Glass Menageries'; have a lot of similarities throughout the two plays. Blanche and Laura are both living in a separate world from other people. Blanch is living in a world of fantasies, while Laura is living in her world with all the glass Menagerie. Blanche seeks for desires and fantasies only because she feels she murdered her husband. Laura lives in her world of glass animals only because of a disease that gives her a slight physical defect. They are mentally and physically crippled, and they want to use illusions to deceive other people. In P.117 Blanch said “I don’t want realism. I want magic! Yes, yes, magic! I try to give that to people. I misrepresent things to them. I don’t tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth.'; Laura does the same thing, where she deceives her mother. She lies to her mother about going to the Business Collage, just like Blanche lies to everyone else about her past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In “The Glass Menagerie'; the unicorn represents Laura. She is different from all the others, and she would not be able to fit in with the others. She is too sensitive and shy, a very fragile being. Blanche in the play does not fit in with the rest of the people in the community either. She cannot tolerate the way husbands treat their wives in New Orleans, and she is shocked when Stella goes back with Standley after the Polka Night. The same thing happens to Eunice(Stella’s neighbor) a few scene after. In P. 63 Stella tells Blanche “You are making much too much fuss about this.'; And later says “it wasn’t anything as serious as you seem to take it.'; Blanche will never understand how, or why Stella would go back to Stanley because she doesn’t fit into their community, just like Laura will never fit into hers either.

Maliciousness Exposed in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

Foolishness and Maliciousness in Exposed in  Heart of Darkness  Ã‚        Ã‚   Joseph Conrad paralleled the Eldorado Expedition in his novel Heart of Darkness with the Katanga Expedition of 1890-1892. By doing so, he illustrated the folly and malevolence of the leaders of the Katanga Expedition and of Imperialist profiteers in general. The foundations for the Katanga Expedition were laid in 1883 when King Leopold proposed that he would leave the Congo state to Belgium in his will if he could borrow 25 million francs without interest to finance development of the area. In 1890, Prime Minister Beernaert ensured that Leopold got the loan (Pakenham 399). Through German adventurers and British missionaries, Leopold soon learned of both the riches Katanga had to offer in terms of natural resources and of its unusual native warlord, Msiri. With hopes of gaining raw materials, Leopold launched the Katanga Expedition in 1890 (Pakenham 400). Conrad’s "Kurtz" in Heart of Darkness is based on Georges-Antoine Klein (Sherry 9), although there are many similarities between him and Msiri, the native chief of Katanga, as well. Like Kurtz, Msiri was fond of keeping tight control of everything in his area, and he was partial to showing off his collection of human heads (Pakenham 400). As Kurtz had no qualms about shooting his supporters (such as the Russian) over trivial matters (Conrad 56), Msiri frequently cut off appendages of any of his subjects who displeased him (Pakenham 403). As Msiri was huge, "six-foot and fourteen stone," (Pakenham 403), Kurtz "looked at least 7 feet long" (Conrad 59). When Msiri’s enemies became bolder, huts filled with Msiri’s supplies were burned down (Pakenham 406). This is analogous to the incident in Heart of... ... at the back of it than there is in burglars breaking into a safe," (Conrad 33). Through Marlow, Conrad was pointing out the evil ambitions of the Katanga Expedition. In the Katanga Expedition, there was no true goal of "enlightening" the "savage" natives. The members of the expedition cared only about money and riches. They did not care about what happened to the native people of Africa. Conrad was disgusted with the way Belgium treated people of the Congo, and he blatantly illustrated this repugnance with his portrayal of the Katanga Expedition thinly veiled as the Eldorado Expedition. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc, 1988. Pakenham, Thomas. The Scramble for Africa. New York: Random House, 1991. Sherry, Norman. Conrad’s Western World. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press, 1971.      

When Kids Get Life

In the Frontline video â€Å"When Kids Get Life† we were introduced to 5 cases in the state of Colorado where teenage boys had been sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. After watching the video I found myself struggling to have an objective opinion on the issue presented, mostly because of personal experiences being a victim of childhood abuse and also having a family member (my brother) murdered. I felt the video to be very one sided but I do find myself agreeing with the point the producers were trying to make.I feel that teenagers should have more opportunities at rehabilitation from crimes committed before the age of 21 then those criminals that are convicted after the age of 21. I also feel strongly that when it comes to teenagers and violent crimes that great emphasis needs to be placed on the motive for the crime, for example if there was long term abuse or neglect as well as any substance abuse involved, and what kind of support if any the child has ever had in their lives.In my opinion the age at which a person should be given life imprisonment is 21. I developed this opinion for three reasons. The first being my personal experience, there were two men involved in my brother’s murder one man was 26 at the time and the other was just barely 18, neither man was sentenced to any long term prison time but of the two the 18 year old has shown greater signs of rehabilitation.I have also had a lot of exposure to the darker side of society and I have seen more improvement come from the younger ‘criminals’ then I have from the older ones. My second reason is the overwhelming amount of scientific evidence regarding brain development and mental processes. According to the Time magazine article ‘What Makes Teens Tick’ Dr. Jay Giedd states that â€Å"The very last part of the brain to be pruned or shaped to its adult dimensions is the prefrontal cortex, home of the executive functions. This area of the brain is the part that allows adults to weigh the consequences of their actions.A teenager may understand the principles of right and wrong but lack the ability to realize the ramifications of any wrong they might do. In another article by Lee Bowman of the Scripps Howard News Service Deborah Yurgelun-Todd of Harvard Medical School and McClean Hospital says that â€Å"[When] shown a set of people’s faces contorted in fear, adults named the right emotion, but teens seldom did, often saying the person was angry. Yurgelun-Todd and her team performed this test using the fMRI and discovered an amazing difference in the parts of the brain being used. The adults used both the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala to process what they saw and younger teens relied entirely on the amygdala while older teens (oldest being 17) showed a progressive shift toward using the frontal cortex My third reason is the hormone factor according to an article published by the American Bar Association.One of the hor mones which has the most dramatic effect on the body in adolescence is testosterone. Testosterone is closely associated with aggression; it increases tenfold in adolescent boy. Considering all of this information I feel that 21 would be a better age to consider legal culpability of a person. I do not feel that teenage offenders of violent crime should go unpunished but life in prison seems to be an excessive punishment for a teenager incapable of comprehending the consequences of his actions.My last issue to address is the circumstances by which an offender should receive life imprisonment. I feel that when it comes to cases of long term abuse of any kind when a teenager is feeling pushed into a corner and the only way out is to ‘kill or be killed’ there will undoubtedly be a negative outcome. There is a long list of possible effects and none of them are positive anything from drug and alcohol abuse, to self harm, to suicide, to homicide. One researcher Phyllis L.Crocke r of Cleveland-Marshall College of Law wrote that â€Å"the nexus between poverty, childhood abuse and neglect, social and emotional dysfunction, alcohol, and drug abuse and crime is so tight in the lives of many capital defendants as to form a kind of social historical profile†. According to Dr. Chris Mallett, Public Policy Director at Bellefaire Jewish Children’s Bureau in Ohio more that 30% of death row juvenile offenders had experienced six or more distinct areas of childhood trauma with an overall average of four such experiences per offender.Mallett also found that such mitigating evidence was presented to juries in fewer than half of the offenders’ trials . That fact I find astonishing I feel passionately that the motivation behind a teenager’s violent act should play a very hefty role in the prosecution of any said act. The cases highlighted in the video ‘When Kids Get Life† were very disturbing to me because several of the cases invol ved long term sexual and psychological abuse and it appeared that no one took that into consideration at the time of trial.In conclusion I feel that no violent crime should be excused however life imprisonment should be reserved for those over the age of 21, or for the truly psychotic individuals out there in society. Any teenager that is convicted of a violent crime should be given prison time but then after a determined amount of time re-evaluate the person psychologically and determine level of rehabilitation. I believe that people (even criminals) can change in both directions good and bad, and teenagers have an even greater capacity to change for the better if guided in the right direction.

Reflexive Dialogue and Small Report

context of drop of the InterviewI asked one of my booster rockets to visit me in my grade of residence to fuck off rough loving cup of coffee. This protagonist of mine came in any case from Saudi-Arabian Arabia, and went to the university to take graduate courses. After having dinner, I asked him if he was allowing to sh atomic number 18 both(prenominal) of his worrys with me. And as a compensation for his lying-in, I offered my peer the chance to suppose my in- nighbody chronicle. This is one of the course requirements in this font.My friend told me slightly of his problems. For one, he was having a little problem encyclopedism slope. English for him was a in truth difficult subject with clear rules on pronunciation and verb usage. He said English has the closely weigh of words in wholly the pen languages of the world acquirement much(prenominal) would be a headache. I agreed to the program line of my friend. English is very(prenominal) a perplex langu age.Not just now that spelling and verb-subject agreement should be taken into report, but the whole situational use of, say, an English statement should be clear presented (to the general audience). He added that he moldiness take the bitter pill of fancying English since this is required in the pedantic world. Communication today in well-nigh any subject field in the office, in the academe, took place with the assistance of the English language. The more than pressing need to learn English comes from guttervass abroad. Almost all universities in many Western countries do not use Arabic as a means to transmit academic information. Hence, for him, learning English was an inevi display panel need. (I did not take his other problems in this report).I then presented my face-to-face register to him and asked him to read it. After ab stunnedtime, my friend finished reading my in-personized narrative. He was almost speechless upon reading my in the flesh(predicate) narrat ive. My personalised narrative detailed round of my knowledges of finish jerking. It was an almost daily account of my activities (although the entries were irregular). Included in my personal narrative were my experiences upon leaving the Sydney airport to studying in the university (I gave the details of almost accounts in the problem-posing vignette section). Included besides in the personal narratives were my personal feelings towards the events, the participants, and the general values or beliefs in question.I asked my friend for his personal opinions of, or reactions to my personal narrative. He said that he also experienced events that could be yrified advertisement as burnish shock. Added to that, my friend verbalise that in the beginning, he was not very sure of the appropriate term for such(prenominal) experiences. Only upon reading my personal narrative did he know that they were part of a phenomenon called cultivation shock. He said that my personal narrative might give him some advice on how to handle glossiness shock. here(predicate) argon some of the excerpts of the discourse (translated from Arabic). The frontmost part is a discussion of my experiences of stopping point shock.Friend So culture shock is the overcompensate term for such things. When I left field the airport, I really did notice that tidy sum bid to walk in the avenue which is not a common raft in our country. It was inapt in the prefatory cause but in collectible time I fix it to be a common practice here.Omeir I was also embarrassed but when I began to ask my classmates why people unremarkably walk in the streets, I was in some manner enlightened. In the case of Australia, for example, walking is alone an expression of either friendship or shore leave. It is an expression of friendship when a person walks with another person an expression of liberty when a person exercises his right to privacy. This was an exceptional sight in our country since most people constitute cars.Friend What about that instance when you saw that a fe young-begetting(prenominal) prof taught a predominantly male class? This is impossible in Saudi.Omeir I found it very interesting, although shocking at eldest glance. It was not very bad as you have said in our earlier conversation. Female students in the university are meliorate as much as their male counterparts.Friend It seemed that you are beginning to witness the kit and caboodle of Australian culture. I also understand some aspects of Australian culture like religion, dance, music, etc. This is part of my role as a graduate student studying abroad. In my opinion, they ought to be learned, not for self-importances rice beer but for the sake of respect.Omeir That is true. Having a right attitude towards a overseas culture is a essential when studying abroad. Understanding the dynamics of an extraterrestrial being culture, though horrifying or viscid in many instances, should be viewed wi th an unbiased eye. This is the primary and first rule of culture respect.Friend Personally, I am still fazed by pagan practices here in Australia. What is your personal reaction?Omeir After some time, through constant communication with the students of the university, I found those practices to be not embarrassing anymore. Although it is far from acceptance, that is, participation in the cultural activities itself, it gave me an avenue to view things from the perspective of those who are members of that particular culture. I remembered that in my undergrad years, there was a term to pick out this phenomenon. Well its unimportant.The second tog of excerpts is about the endurance phase of the problem (how we went about researching and responding to the problem through a thorough self-study). Here are some of the excerpts of the conversation.Omeir One of my subjects introduced to me a method for assessing my problems, in this case about culture shock. I was really surprised tha t personal experiences, channelize with some research materials smoke really result to clear grounded association.Friend How was that so?Omeir Well, experiences mete out as the grounding point of all theoretical problems in a field of subject for example. In my case, when I flush toiletvas many of my experiences, I found out that there are methods or techniques that can be used to subvert it. It was not only first hand knowledge, it was knowledge applied. Academic journals related to my inquiry were very useful.Friend You mean that those personal experiences were transformed into a problem. And that these problems were put in a table of inquiry. And that based from this inquiry, you were able to learn some methods to reduce that problem (culture shock).Omeir Precisely, I have learned that constant interaction with other people who came from different cultural settings is a plus in absorbing culture shock. Nonetheless, because interaction is mostly done in conversations, I am forced to learn some of the appropriate gestures and idioms to use. In such way, I am able to put across and express my concerns to my foreign friends. I also researched some of the strategies for reducing culture shock. I intend to share it with some of my friends who are currently experiencing culture shock.Friend I have learned many things from this conversation. I will follow your advice with regard to managing culture shocks brooding Response to the DialogueNote that in the first lines of the script, I established the fact that both my friend and I are located in the same cultural setting (Saudi Arabia). The experience which I described to my friend served as a stimulating factor to enable him to judge the validity of my experience through his own personal experiences. The next dialogue was about the disposition of Australian culture (or culture in general). This dialogue clean some of the misconceptions of culture. Added to that, it was also implicitly express that culture shock is a inseparable response of graduate students working abroad.This commonly helps the interviewee erase his earlier conceptions of Australian culture. video and discussion shed light to some of the most puzzling things about Australian culture (it is natural for a foreigner to be puzzled to a foreign culture). The second part of the interview is the resolution phase of the problem. Here I shared out some of the ways to reduce culture shock (culture shock management). I also introduced problem-posing vignette as a preliminary method in assessing personal experiences which can be theoretically substantial.ConclusionBased from the rigors of personal experiences, I was able to communicate to my friend the basic steps in problem or inquiry formation. Because problems in the academe are usually theoretical in nature (form), there is a tendency for personal experiences to be treated as personal biases. In this task, I was not only able to give some advice on how to manage cult ure shock (culture shock reduction) this is a form of help to a friend who really want to reduce the effects of culture shock (as I had indicated in the question of the problem-posing vignette section), I was also able to give my friend a systematic method in analyzing problem-posing vignettes. Added to that, I was able to learn that problem-posing vignettes can be a useful shot in transforming personal experiences into theoretically go away propositions.ReferencesBochner, S. (Ed.). 1981. The mediating person Bridges between cultures. Cambridge, Mass. Schenkman.Jacobs, Katrina. 2007. goal Shock (Strategies for Managing Culture Shock). NY MacMillan Publishing House.Milton, doubting Thomas J. 1997. Understanding Culture Shock. Virginia Foreign knowledge domain Officer Association.

Ideal Student Essay

Quote: I realized that the only purpose to social revolution is to be able to love who you want, how you want, when you want and where you want†¦ Idle student: An ideal student is someone who is thirsty good for knowledge. Such a student will not be distracted in class. After all that is what every teacher desires. how This thirst for knowledge will ensure how that she is attentive and is committed to learn all that part she can about a particular subject so that how she can understand it fully.An best student is a patriot.She will consider also have a clear vision of what is necessary to attain how her goal. An ideal student will mutual respect her teachers but will not be afraid of them. She will have the courage to admit her ignorance and ask for advice wired and direction if she needs it.She will not be the kind of person who accepts  things blindly and learns by rote.Apart extract from studies, he knowingly gets involves in activities.

An ideal student will observe discipline. She free will be punctual and properly dressed.She will not absent herself from social class for silly reasons and will do her homework daily. She will be neat and tidy and observe decorum in class.He achieves success in life by using first time properly.These ideal students would go on to become ideal citizens. Who is an ideal student.?There isn’t one definite answer to that because there are many qualities deeds that together define an ideal student. The most important good quality of an ideal student is that for him.It unquestionably promotes economic economic status of the nation.

Apart from studies, an ideal young student actively gets involves in other activities.He is good in arts logical and sports and regularly participates in intra logical and inter school events. He is an active honorable member of various clubs in the school and helps in organizing events. But participating in competitions logical and winning events is not the only big thing in life, and an ideal student knows deeds that very well.Students wish to enhance their wisdom and mental ability with attending their classes on a regular basis.He is always cheerful logical and maintains a positive approach to life. He large spreads hope and happiness wherever he goes. In short his conduct is admired by everyone. An ideal student is a voracious reader.Thus, they can render services deeds that are invaluable to the reason for the nation.

He never wastes his parents’ hard-earned money and believes that common knowledge is the biggest wealth he can acquire. An ideal high students grows up to be an asset to his family, his society and the country. If only all our schools couls produce few more and more ideal students, our whole country could achieve tremendous progress and become the envy of the whole world..He is an physical embodiment of all of the virtues.Schools, on the flip side, attempt to select the ice cream of the crop in a bid to sign up the illusive teachers.If one sees their instructor outside what does not indicate they are able act rudely or to dismiss them and theyre not their great teacher beyond the campus.

Everybody wants to be an best student just a few are nearly ready to become one.Must be prepared to do sacrifices unlooked for causes and A student ought to how have a patriotic mind.Hes an perfect citizen in the making.Ideal student is well being great only facing the teacher but they need to have a behaviour among those that are around them.

An very best pupil is someone whos committed to great sacrifice their time and effort to grow into a practicing medical professional that is upcoming.Any student can grow into an student deeds that is perfect.Beneficial and good habits are cultivated by him.An medical student is the one whos an all-rounder.