Why were Jewish refuges on the SS St. Louis denied entry to Cuba and Essay

Why were Jewish refuges on the SS St. Louis denied entry to Cuba and what decided their fate - Essay Example The Nazi ideology and policies targeted first of all Jews, who were considered as the most â€Å"inferior races† of all, on a hierarchy which included the â€Å"Herrenvolk† (Master race) of the â€Å"Volksgemeinschaft† (German national community) at the top and Jews at the bottom. In November 1938, the violent anti-Semitic campaign, called Kristallnacht, or â€Å"night of the broken glass† or also known as â€Å"Pogromnacht† started, in which Jewish homes and business were destroyed and up to 200 Jews were killed in Germany. After this incident, Germany’s 600,000 decided that it was time to leave and many European Jews fled for their lives. Hundreds of ships set their voyage crossed the Atlantic carrying thousands of immigrants to new lives, primarily in the United States. The S.S. St. Louis, owned by the Hamburg-American Line (Hapag) was one such ship (Stahl, 1999, para.1-12) On May 13, 1939, the German transatlantic liner St. Louis started its voyage from Hamburg, Germany, to Havana, Cuba. On the voyage, there were 937 passengers, almost all passenger were German Jews citizens, fleeing from the Third Reich and, some were from eastern Europe, and a few were officially â€Å"stateless†. Although the majority of the Jewish passengers had already applied for U.S. visas, and they had planned to have a temporary stay in Cuba until they could get their visa approval from the United State State Department, yet there were signals that political conditions in Cuba might keep the passengers from landing there.

Higher education Essay Example for Free

Higher education Essay According to my knowledge, education helps empower people. I think education helps shape people; it affects how we act, think and respond. Sometimes education can help a person find their path in life. The process of getting a good education, however, may have its flaws. Most of the time, kids who are raised in a poor neighborhood doesn’t get the same opportunities as kids who are raised in a wealthier community. Like Mike Rose, I believed that everyone deserves a second chance in education. Remedial education was created mainly for that reason. It was created to help students who are underprepared and students who are immigrants. Remedial education also helps many immigrants by developing their basic education. Mike Rose pointed out the importance of remedial education in chapters 9 and 10 of his book â€Å"Why School? Reclaiming Education for All of Us†. Remedial education is the foundation of the education system in the United States because it helps ensure the success of many students. Remedial education helps prepare students who has received a bad education and also offers students a second chance to acquire the fundamental skills needed to get back on track. A student’s backgrounds always have a big impact in their education. Most of the time, students who are in remedial education are students who came from a poor background. Living in a poor neighborhood can affects a student’s education greatly because of all the distractions. In chapter 10, Mike Rose talked about a student of his name Kevin. Mike Rose stated â€Å"He was a good student in poor schools, schools with dated textbooks, scarce resources for enrichment, high teacher turnover. † A person future should not be decided because he or she was born in a lower class. If Universities doesn’t offered remedial education, Kevin would most likely dropout of school. After Kevin’s dropout, the chance of him earning a high salary is slim. The result of that creates a cycle that many Americans are struggling to get out of. I think remedial education helps give these students a chance to break that cycle. Like Mike Rose said, remedial education helps these students greatly by giving the students a second chance at education. In chapter 10, Mike Rose stated â€Å"†¦that is the remediation in nation that prides itself as being a ‘second-chance’ society. † Where this nation is the land where everyone is supposedly given the equal opportunities, students should get equal opportunity. The United States was built on the quote â€Å"the land of opportunities†. It is one of the main reasons why the United States is number one on immigrant’s population. Immigrants who immigrate to this country are mostly non-English speakers, they should be able to receive the same opportunity to success like others students. Remedial education helps many immigrants who may need a little extra help for prepare for college. Some colleges view remedial students as a hassle and a waste of college resources. In chapter 9, Mike Rose stated â€Å"Kick remediation off campus, and the primary thing you will achieve is the greater exclusion of American youth from higher education† (Rose 124). Dismissing remedial education is like denying education from the students. Rose’s statement helps reinforce the fact that remedial education helps Universities and Colleges to reach it highest potential. I think that Universities and Colleges should invest more resources in remedial education because it makes them look good. Show others institutions that they are capable of training underprepared students to be highly qualified graduate, now that is an impressive accomplishment. .Remedial education has always been very important in my family. My uncle has always been a person that I admired the most, simply because he worked hard to achieve his American dream. My uncle was a professor teaching at a University in Vietnam. He came to the United State in the year 2000. He spoke no English, yet the desire to learn and succeed had driven him to the land of opportunities. It was very tough at first, but slowly after settling down, he decided to attend a community college. As he recalled, remediation classes helps build his skills. It helped him learn the about the culture, the language, and the importance of communication. He learned that real education come from engaging courses. Courses that help students develop their thinking, as well as, challenge the instructors. He admitted that without remedial education, he would never be able to fully be prepared for higher education. Now my uncle has developed his own business by using the communication skills and networking he learned in his remedial classes. He is the living prove that remedial education are the core of the education system. Although remedial education shows how unprepared American students may be  for college, it also revealed the false in our educational system. As much as the government tries to reform education, there will always be a loophole. For many students who are affected by this, they rely on remedial education as there last hope to get a good education. Remedial education also acts as a review for many students who feel that they are in need to revisit the basics. No matter what nationality or history a student has, he or she deserves a second chance at education and a remedial education ensures this.

Excel Spreadsheet Use and the Strategic Corporate Plan :: essays papers

Excel Spreadsheet Use and the Strategic Corporate Plan Introduction In years past, every well-run corporation undoubtedly had a written business plan. Oftentimes, these plans were considered by many to be an exercise in frustration, as they were laboriously considered, written, then stored on the company's library shelf until the next business planning cycle. The last few decades have seen a radical change in the way companies do their planning. More often than not, the "old" business plan - though still produced and of value in its own right - is given less attention than the newer Strategic Plan. Unlike the Business Plan, which tends to be a very short document, the Strategic Plan is likely to be much more substantial and detailed. The Business Plan provides the foundation and framework for the Strategic Plan.1 Senior business managers are often so occupied with immediate issues that they can easily lose site of the long-term objectives of the business - objectives upon which the business can thrive if attained or fail completely if not. Because of this, a Strategic Plan today is a virtual necessity. Most managers tend to see the Strategic Plan as a 'living' document; one that, with careful foresight, consideration and development is written at the start of a business planning period, then reworked as circumstances within the company and business climate change throughout the planning period.2 The writing and preparation of a Strategic Plan is an important effort, demonstrating that careful consideration has been given to the business's development; however, the ultimate goal of the Strategic Plan is its own realization. With the advent of the personal computer and spreadsheet development, the Strategic Planning process today is made easier with the many current spreadsheet programs available to aid in the Plan' A Short History of the Spreadsheet. The term "spread sheet" (nowadays "spreadsheet) has a long history, beginning with the non-computerized version, a reference to which was made in accounting books from the early 1950's to describe a worksheet providing a two-way analysis of accounting data (i.e. an accounting matrix in which the columns and rows constitute either debit and credit sides)3 In thinking about the history of the spreadsheet, two important men stand out. In the early 1960s, Richard Mattessich of the University of California at Berkeley pioneered computerized spread sheets for business accounting. As the forerunners of today's spreadsheet programs for PC's such as Lotus 1-2-3, Excel, etc., these spread sheets contained use of matrices, (budget) simulation, and, most important, the calculation to support each matrix cell."4 Although Mattessich's work was mentioned in economic and computer literature as well

Ghost Soldiers Essay

The novel, Ghost Soldiers is a great book written by Hampton Sides. It depicts the true horrors of war, friendship and hope. The story takes place in the Philippines during the Japanese takeover of the island from 1942 until the year 1945, after the outbreak of World War II, when the Japanese assaulted the Philippine islands and captured it. This resulted in many prisoners of war. The American armies ran out of supplies and were tired from fighting and it led to the surrender of the American army, the Bataan death march and the imprisonment at Cabanatuan camp. The American navy was not able to evacuate completely. Most of the soldiers were left behind and taken as prisoners by the Japanese army. Hundreds of the American soldiers were taken to the Cabanatuan Camp where they were taken as captives. The Japanese were brutal to the prisoners. They tortured the prisoners, starved them, and they did not give them necessary supplies to survive, no medicine, and adequate food. In chapter one, the book focused more on April 1942. During the time nobody thought that the Japanese would attack the Philippines. American forces that were in the Philippines were relaxed thinking that the Japanese would not attack and after months of siege the American defense collapsed. During the defense, Major General Edward King was the commander of the forces at Bataan. The Japanese attack is sustained, vicious and victorious, forcing Filipino and American armies to surrender. After the surrender of the American Army in Bataan, they were grouped to form the Bataan death march. They were forced to walk through the mosquito infested jungle, with the hot temperature reaching nearly one hundred degrees. Most of the soldiers died in the Battle of Bataan, as they reached the camp many of the soldiers were sick and starved by the Japanese. After being held at the war camp for three years, the Japanese war ministry issued a â€Å"Kill All Policy† which meant that they will exterminate all the war camps in the Philippines, killing all the US prisoners in the camp. At the camp named Palawan, over a hundred U. S. soldiers were forced into gasoline filled trenches and burned alive. At camp Cabanatuan the American prisoners were oosing hope, they believe that they are forgotten by their comrades and their country. They called themselves the â€Å"Ghost Soldiers†. In January 1945 at the 6th Army Headquarters, Colonel Henry A. Mucci had been selected to devise a plan and to lead the rescue mission to camp Cabanatuan. Mucci was a tough and ambitious leader. He had been assigned to find a way to free the prisoners behind enemy lines before it was too late. It appeared to be strategically impossible for them to rescue the prisoners. They would face the heavy resistance by the Japanese and greatly outnumbered. But Mucci was ambitious; despite the extreme challenge ahead of him he still took the task. Mucci selected a young Captain Robert Prince to lead the raid who came up with a brilliant yet daring plan. He hand-picked 121 elite rangers and Alamo scouts to go into 30 miles deep into enemy territory and make a surprise attack on the camp. The U. S. joined forces with the Filipino resistance to increase their chances of success. The resistance was led by Captain Juan Pojota who had knowledge of the land area that helped them guide the group to their goal.

Martin Luther King, Jr.: Dreaming a Reality

Thesis:Martin Luther King was a leader that was born in a segregated world but was determine to change it so everyone live in a equal nation. And he did this by his words and action that don’t need any bloodshed. He used brain over bronze to accomplish what he set out to do. Martin Luther King jr. was as born as a middle child in Atlanta Georgia in January 15th 1929 into a family which was actively involved in the civil right movement. Martin father and grandfather was lead preacher at Ebenezer Baptist Church. Martin Luther King mother was a teacher and thought him how to read, she also try to taught Martin about prejudice and the Jim Crow law that separated Black and White . Martin father was preacher , and was strong Blackman who help black get job and black teacher that same pay as white teacher. Martin got married to Coretta Scott in Alabama in June 18, 1953. Martin Luther King Jr. had four children Yolanda Denise, Martin Luther III, Dexter Scott, and Bernice Albertine. Martin Luther King began his education at Yong Street Elementary School in Atlanta, Georgia he attended Booker-T Washington High and later on graduated and went to Morehouse College with a scholarship from his high because he got an high school entrance examination he even skip ninth and twelve grade he entered at age fifteen. He graduated collage with a Bachelor of Divinity in sociology King then began doctoral studies in systematic theology at Boston University and received his Doctor of Philosophy on June 5, 1955. Martin inspiration was a civil rights leader, theologian, and educator Howard Thurman who was actually Martin father friend use to mentor The Kings and his friend. King played a big role in the founding of Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957; this organization was created so non-violent black people to protect. King also organized and led marches for the right to vote, desegregation, and labor rights in addition to basic civil rights. One of Martin most famous rallies(marches) was the March On Washington where lack people from all over the nation came together to fight for their God given right at that event their were many speeches given one of them was the famous â€Å"I Have A Dream Speech† all this was held August 28, 1963. Other things you might find interesting about that event was that their wasn’t only black people their even white that had the same mind set as black were their trying to fight along with them for civil right and what they believe in . There were performance by Gospel legend Mahalia Jackson who sang â€Å"How I Got Over†, also musician Bob Dylan performed several songs, including â€Å"Only a Pawn in Their Game. Their criticism from many people and this might even surprise that â€Å"black nationalist Malcolm X, in his Message to the Grass Roots speech, criticized the march, describing it as â€Å"a picnic† and â€Å"a circus†. The March on Washington isn’t the only event that happen for the civil right of the black, another event that happen was a Boy Cott which Martin Luther was still a pastor back then, well by now you are asking what really happen to cause that Boy Cott?. And the answer was that a African-American amed Rosa Park who was an seamstress came from a hard day of work and went to the back of the bus and a white told her to get up so he can sit there and she refuse for doing that she arrested for this anger was spark in the Alabama community. And so a meeting was called by the black community and an overflow crowd came to Ebenezer Baptist church for a meeting concerning Rosa Park situation and so Dr. King told them the only way that they could them was to Boy Cott the bus company. So on Dec. 5, the African-American residents of the city refused to use the buses. Most walked, those few with cars arranged rides for friends and strangers, some even result to even riding mules. Only a very few numbers of African-Americans rode the bus that day. Martin Luther king gave a lot of speeches such as the famous â€Å"I Have a Dream†, â€Å"The Purpose of Education† speech, and his other famous â€Å"Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech† and I See the Promised Land (a. k. a. I've been to the Mountain Top) which was his last speech. The â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was famous because King talk about the dream he has for the nation and the peech goes like this I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal. † I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. I have a dream th at one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a new meaning, â€Å"My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my father’s died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring. † And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California! But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, â€Å"Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! † This speech was the captivate the nation because of the words behind that it meant behind it. Martin Luther King Jr. as such a hard worker and a strong believer of equality and worked so hard on his nonviolence protect for civil right that he was even recognize as a modern prophet and even a modern day Moses. For all his hard work he was given the most honorable reward of all time which was the Noble Peace Prize on December 10, 1964 this prize which is only given to a person that done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of sta nding armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses when Martin receive his prize he gave a very good acceptation speech. Unfortunately on April 4, 1968 while Dr. King stood on a Memphis motel balcony probably taking a fresh breath of air was shot with a sniper bullet and died on the spot the shooter James Earl Ray was opposite of Martin Luther King’s Jr. motel where it was easy to aim and shoot at king . James Earl Ray was arrest in London at a airport, on March 10, 1969, Ray entered a plea of guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in the Tennessee state penitentiary. Even though the killer was found and punished it wasn’t even to filled the sadness in people hearts. Dr. King’s death wasn’t only a family issue it was a nationwide issue because he was a Great man who was trying to make the world a better place for every race. Conclusion: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was black man who was born into unequal world but tired his all best to change it without bloodshed he was willing to die for his believes. He was even critics by many people that don’t have the same mind set as him; his life and family life were put in danger but No that didn’t stop him he kept moving on. Like the old saying goes â€Å"Every charitable act is a stepping stone toward heaven† and Martin did a lot for us and gave us a big push toward equality so he probably in his grave or in heaven smiling down at the nation because his dream finally came to pass.

Top Ten London Undergraduate Degrees in Graphic Design

Top Ten London Undergraduate Degrees in Graphic Design University of the Arts London: BA Graphic Design (the first place) Currently EU students, who want to receive an undergraduate degree, are supposed to pay  £9,000, provided that they start their studies since 2012. In order to be eligible for this program, an applicant should meet several entry requirements. In particular, he/she should have 1 GCE A Level, and a Foundational Diploma in Art and Design.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Top Ten London Undergraduate Degrees in Graphic Design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are some alternative certificates, for instance, BTEC Extended Diploma. Learners, who are not native speakers of English, should complete IELTS 6.0 exams. In particular, they should score at least 5.5 in writing, reading, and listening1. This program lasts for four years. Apart from that, the learners will have to provide a portfolio in order to complete the third year of this program. These ar e the main standards that should be considered. Overall, this program can enable a person to gain an in-depth understanding of the techniques used in graphic design. Furthermore, students will have a chance to cooperate with organizations that represent the graphic design industry. In this way, they can better develop their professional skills and eventually reach the standards set by employers. Additionally, learners acquire knowledge of various social, cultural, or economic factors that shape the work of graphic designers. The graduates will be able to work in various fields such as branding, product design, interactive design, and so forth. These are these are the main issues that can be identified. The London College BA Graphic Design (the second place) In order to participate in this program, UK or EU students have to pay  £5,950, if he/she intends to start his/her studies in 2014. Romanian students should have an equivalent of 1 GCE A Level. These applicants should have Dipl oma de Bacalaureat. Secondly, students are obliged to meet certain English proficiency standards. For instance, their IELTS should not be lower than 5.0. Secondly, the applicants should present a portfolio of their works. Romanian students may email it to the admission committee. Learners will take part in this program for three years. In order to earn this degree, a person should gain knowledge and skills that are related to such areas as interactive design, typography, branding, packaging, and other fields. Moreover, students should understand economic, social, and cultural factors that shape the work of graphic designers. The main advantage of this program is that students will attend workshops organized by distinguished designers.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, they will be able to work in businesses that offer products or services related to graphic desi gn. In this way, they can better understand the roles that graphic designers should play. Overall, this undergraduate degree suggests that a person is able to cope with professional challenges. This is the main argument that can be put forward. University of West London, BA Graphic Design (the third place) Home students are required to pay  £ 8,000 per an academic year. However, the official site of this university does not provide information about tuition fees that should be paid by non-UK applicants such as Romanian students. Romanian applicants should have an equivalent of GCE examinations, namely Diploma de Bacalaureat in mathematics. Apart from that, they will have to fulfill their English language requirements. Their IELTs score should be at least 6.0. Yet, they can also take TOEFL test. These are some of the details that applicants should consider. The duration of this course is three years. On the whole, this program is aimed at achieved several objectives. First of all, students will develop their skills in such fields of graphic design as illustration, typography, and drawing. Secondly, they will work with different types of media. Much attention will be paid to information technologies since they are an essential tool for modern graphic design. The main goal is to prepare students for the career in organizations that represent visual communications industry such as publishing houses, graphic design studio, or advertising agencies2. Moreover, learners will have opportunities for product placement during their studies. So, they can better understand what exactly employers expect from them. These are the main issues that should be kept in mind. Middlesex University London BA Graphic Design (the fourth place) Full-time undergraduate students have to pay  £9,000 per an academic year, provided that they start their studies in 2014. This university accepts applicants who may have various diplomas. For instance, one can mention Level 3 Diploma in Art, International Baccalaureate, or Advanced Progression Diploma. Furthermore, the candidates are usually required to provide a portfolio of their work. One should bear in mind that this educational institution recognized academic certificates that a student could receive in foreign countries. People, whose native language is not English, should complete IELTS examinations. They should have a score of 5.5 in speaking, listening, reading, and writing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Top Ten London Undergraduate Degrees in Graphic Design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from that, these people can take TOEFL. This program is going to last for three years. During this time, students will be able to learn more about such issues as printmaking, digital illustration, photography, and so forth3. The learners will be able to gain a better understanding of the techniques adopted by modern designers. Educators will rely on various instruction methods, for example, lectures, seminars, or workshops with distinguished designers such as Jonathan Barnbrook, David Carson, or John Hegarty. At the end of their studies, learners should carry out a self-initiated project that will be showcased at the degree exhibition. People, who can complete this program, can work in various organizations such as magazine publishers, advertising agencies or other organizations in which graphic design skills are necessary. University of Greenwich, BA Graphic and Digital Design (the fifth place) A student should pay  £10,100 as tuition fees. Secondly, learners, who come from foreign countries, must provide an educational certificate which is an equivalent GCSEs. For example, one can speak about International Baccalaureate or Diploma de Bacalaureat. These are the documents that can be offered by Romanian students. Additionally, these people must demonstrate that they reached a high level of proficiency in the English language. Moreover, learners should demonstrate that they take interest in graphic design. This is why they should present a portfolio of their works. In this way, a person can distinguish oneself among other candidates. During their studies, students will be able to learn more about the techniques used in branding, animation, typography, or advertising. Furthermore, professional development of students will be promoted with the help of self-initiated projects and work placements. Learners will have a chance to cooperate with professionals who can better explain how a designer can overcome various challenges. Their recommendations can be of great value to students. Overall, this experience is important for the future career of students. This is the main argument that can be advanced.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Goldsmiths, University of London BA Design (the sixth place) The students, who live in the United Kingdom or an EU country, have to pay  £9,000. The applicants have to provide various certificates such as ABB or International Baccalaureate. Furthermore, the candidates should participate in a post-16 course in art of design. For instance, one can mention a Foundation Course, or NVQ level. Moreover, the admission committee pays attention to the design portfolio of a candidate. They also accept certificates from other European country such as Romania. Additionally, Romanian students have to pass certain English proficiency examinations. For instance, their IELTS score should be at least 6.5, while the result of their TOEFL should be no less than 92. These are some of the standards that should be met. Learners can receive a degree after three years of full-time studies. In the course of this program, students will be able to acquire knowledge and skills related to various areas graphi c design such as typography, page layout, interface development and so forth. However, students will have an opportunity to gain a better idea about product or even fashion design. Overall, they will be able to structure their curriculum. Learners will take part in studio practices, technical studies, and professional activities4. Additionally, during the second year, students will be able to work in companies that represent the design industry. Thus, they will be able to cooperative with professional designers. These are the main aspects that can be identified. Regent’s University London BA Graphic Design (the seventh place) The tuition fees both the students from the United Kingdom and the European Union constitute  £14,750. Moreover, they will have to pay a registration fee of  £ 420. These costs will be incurred by people who will start their studies in 2014. Applicants should have twelve years of schooling. Romanian students may require international baccalaureate ce rtificate in order to be eligible for this program. Learners can take several English proficiency tests. In particular, they may take CCAE (Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English) test, but their score should not be lower than C. In turn, their IELTS score should be at least 6.0. These issues should be taken into account by applicants who want to apply to this educational institution. This program includes four years of full-time studies. These are the main academic standards that should be met. Overall, the main goal of this program is to develop students’ understanding of graphic design and show how its techniques can be used in visual communication5. Moreover, learners will acquire new skills in web design as well as motion graphics. Overall, this program can help students develop their creativity and elaborate their technical skills. These are some of the main aspects that can be singled out. Kingston University London BA Graphic Design (the eighth place) The learners, who will start their undergraduate studies at Kingston University, will need to pay  £ 8, 750 on an annual basis. Applicants are expected to have Art and Design Foundation Diploma or equivalents certificates from foreign countries. In particular, Romanian candidates should have a certificate of vocational training in art and design. Candidates should also upload an electronic version of their portfolio. It should be mentioned that in many cases, a well-developed portfolio can increase the chances of a candidate. Additionally, they should have Diploma de Bacalaureat which is an equivalent of GCSEs. Moreover, the applicants should provide their portfolios to the admission committee. Furthermore, the applicants’ IELTS score should be 5.5. These people can take other English proficiency tests. Students’ studies will last for three years. These are the main details that can be distinguished. This program is aimed at achieving several objectives. First of all, students sh ould be able to apply various techniques that are used by graphic designers. Apart from that, learners should be able to apply information technologies that can facilitate the process of design. In the course of their studies, students will have an opportunity to work in organizations specialize in graphic design. This experience can help students gain a better idea about the requirements of their future employees. The university will promote industrial placements of learners as well as field trips6. London Metropolitan University BA Graphic Design (the ninth place) The tuition fees for this program will be  £6,860 for an academic year. However, the costs of tuition can change in 2015. Romanian students will have to provide certificates showing that they have level 3 qualifications in art and design. Moreover, they need to provide Diploma de Bacalaureat. Furthermore, these people are encouraged to send an email version of their portfolio which will be closely evaluated by the admi ssion committee. These people should also have certain English language prerequisites; in particular, the IELTS score should be 5.5. This program is intended to last for three years. However, a student can choose an extended program that includes four years of study7. These are some of the main issues that can be singled out. By participating in this program, students can gain an in-depth understanding of design principles. Secondly, they will be able to work with different types of media such as printed documents, digital media or photography. In this way, they can develop relevant professional skills. Educators will attach importance independent initiatives of students. The graduates can be employed in various organizations such as graphic design agencies or companies that design commercials for other businesses. These are the main issues that should be taken into consideration. University of East London BA Graphic Design (the tenth place) This institution charges  £ 9000 from l earners who attend undergraduate courses. The applicants should complete such programs as GAD, Art and Design Foundation, or BTEC in order to be eligible. Furthermore, people relevant professional experience in design can also be considered. The candidates should have an IETS. In particular, their score should not be lower than 5.5. Yet, the applicants can also take PTE or TOEFL exams. This program is supposed to last for three years. This program can help a person to learn more about such areas of graphic design as typography, web design, photography, and so forth 8. So, a learner will work with various types of media. During these three years, the students will work on a wide range of assignments that will prompt them to display their creativity and critical thinking. Much attention will be paid to the self-initiated work of students who will be able to select the topic or projects that they will discuss. Moreover, educators will focus on the administrative skills of students beca use they may need to manage or coordinate the work of other people. Furthermore, they will attend lectures, workshops, exhibitions, and so forth. These are the main details that should be taken into account. Bibliography Goldsmiths, University of London, BA (Hons) Design, University of London, 2013, retrieved gold.ac.uk/ug/ba-design/. Kingston University London, Graphic Design BA(Hons): Links with business and industry, Kingston University London, 2013, retrieved kingston.ac.uk/undergraduate-course/graphic-design-2014/links-with-business-and-industry.html. Middlesex University London, BA Honours Graphic Design, MIL, 2013, retrieved mdx.ac.uk/courses/undergraduate/art_design/graphic_design_ba.aspx. Regent’s University London, Visual Communication: Specialisation in Graphic Design BA (Hons), Regent’s University London, 2013, retrieved regents.ac.uk/study/undergraduate-study/programmes/ba-hons-visual-communication-graphic-design.aspx. London Metropolitan University, G raphic Design- BA Hons, London Metropolitan University, 2013, retrieved londonmet.ac.uk/courses/undergraduate/2014/graphic-designba-hons/. University of East London, Programme Specification for BA (Hons) Graphic Design, UEL, 2013, retrieved uel.ac.uk/undergraduate/specs/graphicdesign/. University of the Arts London, BA Graphic Design, UAL, 2013, retrieved from arts.ac.uk/camberwell/courses/undergraduate/ba-graphic-design/. University of West London, BA (Hons) Graphic Design (Visual Communication and Illustration), University of West London, 2013, retrieved uwl.ac.uk/course/graphic-design-visual-communication-and-illustration-3/33745. Footnotes 1 University of the Arts London, BA Graphic Design, UAL, 2013, retrieved from arts.ac.uk/camberwell/courses/undergraduate/ba-graphic-design/. 2 University of West London, BA (Hons) Graphic Design (Visual Communication and Illustration), University of West London, 2013, retrieved uwl.ac.uk/course/graphic-design-visual-communication-and-il lustration-3/33745. 3 Middlesex University London, BA Honours Graphic Design, MIL, 2013, retrieved mdx.ac.uk/courses/undergraduate/art_design/graphic_design_ba.aspx. 4 Goldsmiths, University of London, BA (Hons) Design, University of London, 2013, retrieved gold.ac.uk/ug/ba-design/. 5 Regent’s University London, Visual Communication: Specialisation in Graphic Design BA (Hons), Regent’s University London, 2013, retrieved regents.ac.uk/study/undergraduate-study/programmes/ba-hons-visual-communication-graphic-design.aspx. 6 Kingston University London, Graphic Design BA(Hons): Links with business and industry, Kingston University London, 2013, retrieved kingston.ac.uk/undergraduate-course/graphic-design-2014/links-with-business-and-industry.html. 7 London Metropolitan University, Graphic Design- BA Hons, London Metropolitan University, 2013, retrieved londonmet.ac.uk/courses/undergraduate/2014/graphic-designba-hons/. 8 University of East London, Programme Specificatio n for BA (Hons) Graphic Design, UEL, 2013, retrieved uel.ac.uk/undergraduate/specs/graphicdesign/.

Biography of Arthur Miller, Major American Playwright

Biography of Arthur Miller, Major American Playwright Arthur Miller (October 17, 1915–February 10, 2005) is considered one of the greatest playwrights of the 20th century, having created some of Americas most memorable plays over the course of seven decades. He is the author of Death of a Salesman, which won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize in drama, and The Crucible.  Miller is known for combining social awareness with a concern for his characters’ inner lives. Fast Facts: Arthur Miller Known For: Award-winning American playwrightBorn: October 17, 1915 in New York CityParents: Isidore Miller, Augusta Barnett MillerDied: Feb. 10, 2005 in Roxbury, ConnecticutEducation: University of MichiganProduced Works: All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, The Crucible, A View From the BridgeAwards and Honors: Pulitzer Prize, two New York Drama Critics Circle Awards, two Emmy Awards, three Tony AwardsSpouse(s): Mary Slattery, Marilyn Monroe, Inge MorathChildren: Jane Ellen, Robert, Rebecca, DanielNotable Quote: Well, all the plays that I was trying to write were plays that would grab an audience by the throat and not release them, rather than presenting an emotion which you could observe and walk away from. Early Life Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915, in Harlem, New York to a family with Polish and Jewish roots. His father Isidore, who came to the U.S. from Austria-Hungary, ran a small coat-manufacturing business. Miller was closer to his mother Augusta Barnett Miller, a native New Yorker who was a teacher and an avid reader of novels. His fathers company was successful until the Great Depression dried up virtually all business opportunities and shaped many of the younger Millers beliefs, including the insecurity of modern life. Despite facing poverty, Miller made the best of his childhood. He was an active young man, in love with football and baseball. When he wasn’t playing outside, Miller enjoyed reading adventure stories. He also kept busy with many boyhood jobs. He often worked alongside his father; other times, he delivered bakery goods and worked as a clerk in an auto parts warehouse. College After working at several jobs to save money for college, in 1934 Miller left the East Coast to attend the University of Michigan, where he was accepted into the school of journalism. He wrote for the student paper and completed his first play,  No Villain, for which he won a university award. It was an impressive beginning for a young playwright who had never studied plays or playwriting. Whats more, he had written his script in just five days. He took several courses with Professor Kenneth Rowe, a playwright. Inspired by Rowes approach to constructing plays, after graduating in 1938, Miller moved back East to begin his career as a playwright. Broadway Miller wrote plays as well as radio dramas. During World War II, his writing career gradually became more successful. (He couldnt serve in the military because of a football injury.) In 1940 he finished The Man Who Had All the Luck, which reached Broadway in 1944 but closed after only four performances and a pile of unfavorable reviews. His next play to reach Broadway came in 1947 with All My Sons, a powerful drama that earned critical and popular praise and Millers first Tony Award, for best author. From that point on, his work was in high demand. Miller set up shop in a small studio that he had built in Roxbury, Connecticut, and wrote Act I of  Death of Salesman  in less than a day. The play,  directed by  Elia Kazan, opened on February 10, 1949, to great acclaim and became an iconic stage work, earning him international recognition. In addition to the Pulitzer Prize, the play won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award and swept all six of the Tony categories in which it was nominated, including best direction, best author, and best play. Communist Hysteria Since Miller was in the spotlight, he was a prime target for the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), led by Wisconsin  Sen.  Joseph McCarthy. In an age of anti-communism fervor, Miller’s liberal political beliefs seemed threatening to some American politicians, which is unusual in retrospect, considering that the Soviet Union banned his plays. Miller was summoned before the HUAC and was expected to release names of any associates he knew to be communists. Unlike Kazan and other artists, Miller refused to give up any names. â€Å"I don’t believe a man has to become an informer in order to practice his profession freely in the United States,† he said. He was charged with contempt of Congress, a conviction that was later overturned. In response to the hysteria of the time, Miller wrote one of his best plays, The Crucible. It is set during another time of social and political paranoia, the Salem Witch Trials, and is an insightful criticism of the phenomenon. Marilyn Monroe By the 1950s, Miller was the most recognized playwright in the world, but his renown wasn’t only because of his theatrical genius. In 1956, Miller divorced Mary Slattery, his college sweetheart with whom he had had two children, Jane Ellen and Robert. Less than a month later he married actress and Hollywood sex symbol  Marilyn Monroe, whom hed met in 1951 at a Hollywood party. From then on, he was even more in the limelight. Photographers hounded the famous couple and the tabloids were often cruel, puzzling over why the â€Å"world’s most beautiful woman† would marry such a â€Å"homely writer. Author  Norman Mailer  said their marriage represented the union of the Great American Brain and the Great American Body. They were married for five years. Miller wrote little during that period, with the exception of the screenplay for  The Misfits  as a gift for Monroe. The  1961 film,  directed by  John Huston, starred Monroe,  Clark Gable,  and  Montgomery Clift. Around the time the  film was released, Monroe and Miller divorced.  A year after divorcing Monroe (she died the following year), Miller married his third wife, Austrian-born American photographer Inge Morath. Later Years and Death Miller continued to write into his 80s. His later plays didnt attract the same attention or acclaim as his earlier work, though film adaptations of The Crucible and Death of a Salesman kept his fame alive. Much in his later plays dealt with personal experience. His final drama, Finishing the Picture, recalls the turbulent last days of his marriage to Monroe. In 2002, Millers third wife Morath died and he soon was engaged to 34-year-old painter Agnes Barley, but he became ill before they could marry. On February 10, 2005- the 56th anniversary of the Broadway debut of  Death of a Salesman- Miller died of heart failure  at his home in Roxbury, surrounded by Barley, family, and friends. He was 89 years old. Legacy Millers sometimes bleak view of America was shaped by his and his familys experiences during the Great Depression. Many of his plays deal with the ways capitalism affects the lives of everyday Americans. He thought of theater as a way to speak to those Americans: The mission of the theater, after all, is to change, to raise the consciousness of people to their human possibilities, he said. He established the Arthur Miller Foundation to help young artists. After his death, his daughter Rebecca Miller focused his mandate on expanding the arts education program in New York City public schools. In addition to the Pulitzer Prize, Miller won two New York Drama Critics Circle Awards, two Emmy Awards, three Tony Awards for his plays, and a Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement. He also received the John F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award and was named Jefferson Lecturer for the National Endowment for the Humanities in 2001. Sources Arthur Miller Biography. Notablebiographies.com.Arthur Miller: American Playwright. Encyclopedia Britannica.Arthur Miller Biography. Biography.com.Arthur Miller Foundation.

Dealing with he said and she said

Dealing with he said and she said Dealing with he said and she said Dealing with he said and she said By Maeve Maddox I once had a high school English teacher who encouraged her students to use as many synonyms for said as possible, for example: he gasped, she grumbled, and they snorted. Maybe she was just trying to get us to stretch our vocabularies. These days, writers prefer the simple word said, feeling that its more colorful synonyms tend to distract the reader. There are, of course, exceptions. If a character is asking a question, a word like asked is a more logical choice. An occasional shouted or screamed is also permissible in moments of extreme duress for the characters. Sometimes, however, even the he saids can slow conversational flow. Im presently revising a mystery novel, deleting every unnecessary word I find. Here are some of the revisions Ive made to get rid of speech attributions that are not absolutely necessary. Example one: Hello again, Miss Dunbar, he said, motioning for her to sit. I’m afraid you’re not having a very pleasant holiday.â€Å" People do seem to be dying in my vicinity,† she said. REVISION: Hello again, Miss Dunbar. I’m afraid you’re not having a very pleasant holiday. He motioned for her to sit. People do seem to be dying in my vicinity. Since only two people are in the room, attributions are unnecessary. I get rid of the first said by rearranging the sentence, allowing the mans gesture to identify him as the speaker. The second said is unnecessary because only two people are present. Example two: Weve found the murder weapon, Sir, the policeman said, holding out what he was carrying on a towel. Sallie looked at the object in bewilderment. It looks like a flute, she said. It is a flute, Dave said. A flute that shoots .22 caliber bullets. REVISION: Weve found the murder weapon, Sir. The officer was carrying something on a towel. Sallie looked at the object in bewilderment. It looks like a flute. It is a flute, Dave said. A flute that shoots .22 caliber bullets. I get rid of the first two saids by letting gestures identify the speakers. I keep the third attribution to make clear which of the three men present is speaking. Sometimes a character thinks something without saying it aloud. Example Three: The policeman waited for Sallie to get onto the escalator in front of him. So I cant make a break for it, Sallie thought. REVISION: The policeman waited for Sallie to get onto the escalator in front of him. So I cant make a break for it. I get rid of Sallie thought by typing the thought itself in italics. The scene is being narrated from Sallies point of view. REMINDER: This is not a matter to worry about as you write the first, or even second, draft of your novel. Throw in all the saids and snorteds you like. Save the pruning for the final revision. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About HandsAt Your DisposalEach vs. Both

Hotel 267 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hotel 267 - Essay Example One of the major problems facing this hotel is the way the guests are handled on arrival. The rates of greetings at the entrance and manner of paying attention to the guest socially has reduced since the year 2011 to the year 2014. This factor seems to be deteriorating as time goes by. Customers need to feel welcome when they arrive at a hotel. They need to know that their presence is accepted and appreciate d and that the employees are going to serve their needs. It would therefore be better for the hotel’s performance if the management urges their employees to exchange polite pleasantries with the guests at the hotel be it the driver or the cashier. It will enable the customer feel encouraged to come again another day. The quality of the knowledge that the concierge practice has seems to be deteriorating since the year 2011 to 2014 which reflect a steady decline in the knowledge ability of the concierge. Something like this could discourage a lot of guests from staying at this hotel despite the quality expressed in other services within the hotel. This is because a customer needs to be assured of quality medical treatment should anything go wrong with their health during their stay at the hotel. The management should ensure that they hire concierge doctors that are knowledgeable about health conditions and how to go about treating them. The working order of matters within the organization has reduced. This shows that there is poor coordination of activities within the hotel which may disrupt the kind of attention being given to the guests. It would be wise if the management fixed this problem through coming up with strategies of running the hotel in an organized manner. It should be clear the duties of each individual and how they should go about them to ensure that there is no confusion in the running of errands and customer

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING assignment 3 - Essay Example The attitude towards work and system are very important attributes towards the success of a project. Platform experience: As an embedded real time system is involved, staff of the development project must be experienced to handle that. People with no expertise in the related system would require a lot of time and cost to get equipped with the system complexities. 1. Functional and non functional requirements: Functional requirements are statement of services the system should provide. It tells the systems behavior towards particular inputs and situations. It sometimes states what the system should not do. The non functional requirements offer the constraints on the services offered by the system. They include timing constraints, development process and standards constraint. It applies to the system on the whole. 4. System requirements and Interface specification: It adds detail and explains how the user requirements should be provided by the system. It includes software, hardware, interoperability and other critical system requirements. The types of interfaces that need to be defined are procedural interfaces, data structures and representation of data.

Pollocks Revolutionary Transgressions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pollocks Revolutionary Transgressions - Essay Example The essay "Pollock’s Revolutionary Transgressions" discusses what were Pollock's break throughs and innovations in Painting in relation to the painting of his time. The painter was very active in his painting, making observers appreciate the energy involved in the visual pieces as well as the idea of the oneness and physical interaction between the artist and his art. Harold Rosenberg, the art critique who coined action painting, remarked that Pollock’s work led to a movement wherein the canvas began to appear as an arena in which to act rather than as a space in which to reproduce, redesign, analyze or express an object. This is the reason why Pollock is credited to have influenced several modern abstract painters. One of those that benefited from Pollock’s innovation was Willem de Kooning, who explained that the painter broke the ice in abstract expressionism (Hess 7). Like Pollock, de Kooning became known for painting through gestures and actions. De Kooningâ €™s style, however, is different from that of Pollock’s since he is considered to be more conservative in his techniques and in his materials. For instance, he primarily used oil in his artworks and did not experiment on resins like Pollock. Pollock’s influence can best be identified when one examines de Kooning’s masterpieces in the context of the fact that they were created through a deliberate modification of artistic procedures. Another important painter that considers Pollock as an inspiration and major influence is Helen Frankenthaler.

Commons-Based Peer Production and Virtue Research Paper

Commons-Based Peer Production and Virtue - Research Paper Example The first virtue discussed by the writers is put under cluster I which is named autonomy, independence, and liberation. In the view of Nissenbaum and Benkler (2006), though commons-based peer production give users the freedom to contribute freely from the privacy of their homes, it is extremely necessary that such independence, liberation, and autonomy are respected in â€Å"our actions and choices as well as from the typical array of institutional entities, whether employers, banks, agents of government, or whoever.† The writers also touch on creativity, productivity, and industry. There is no denying fact this is an area in commons-based peer production that so much is needed from the contributor to show virtue and ethics. This assertion is judged from the fact that contributors are hardly coached or monitored. â€Å"Peer production offers a medium for contributing our thoughts, our knowledge, our know-how, or merely the spare cycles of our PCs toward a meaningful productâ €  (Nissenbaum and Benkler, 2006).Such freedom to be personal puts a lot of challenge on contributors to stand out tall with their level of creativity and productivity to ensure that standard is maintained in the industry. There are then the virtues of benevolence, charity, generosity, altruism. There are then the virtues of benevolence, charity, generosity, altruism,  writers believe that contributors should have an inner-judging ethics that should tell them that their effort and production are being undertaken as a form of social benevolence. For this reason, it is important to attach to it all needed commitment and dedication.

Zara's Supply Chain Methods Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Zara's Supply Chain Methods - Case Study Example The USP can be identified using the business model of Zara and by understanding its competitive edge over other players in the market. The case also aims at developing a strategic analysis of the market conditions, communication, branding and the competition faced by Zara. Zara does not advertise as much as its competitors. Its average advertising spend is 0.3% while 3-4% is the standard industry spend. This gives them a strategic cost advantage against their competitors. This also makes their expansion strategies more economical. The main alternative to advertising used by Zara is its store layouts and displays. Zara has a team of around 200 people exclusively working on acquiring global prime real-estate locations. They are also responsible for frequent refurbishing of the stores and creative window displaying. There is a testing facility in their headquarters where different layouts are tested and the best is selected for various stores at different locations. The peculiar business model of Zara helps them in reducing their advertising store by giving them alternative options to attract customers. This is by influencing the buying behaviors of customers. Zara updates its collection twice every week. So a usual customer of Zara knows that new styles will be awaiting them every week, making them want to pay another visit very soon. Also, if a customer does not find anything interesting to buy, he knows that he will get more choices in the coming week. New styles in Zara are added very frequently, but are not replenished. This creates a scarcity and the customers of Zara pay frequent visits to the stores so that they don't miss out on certain styles. Zara, because of its unique branding has got itself a cult image through the years. Each Zara store is redesigned every 5 years to keep up with the current fashion. Zara targets a broad range of customers and do not define their target market by age and lifestyle like traditional retailers. They target people of all age group who are educated and are sensitive to fashion and react to changes in fashion. As fashion is more globalized in recent times, Zara offers standardized fashion wear. Also, their pricing strategy is different. Outside of Spain, and particularly in the UK, it is based on more premium prices. Partly to compensate for higher distribution and rental costs, prices can be up to 40 per cent higher. Zara's positioning as an aspiration brand in the UK has the added benefit of giving the perception of clear water between itself and mass-market fast-fashion rivals such as New Look or H&M. STRATEGIC ANALYSIS USING ANSOFF'S MATRIX Market Penetration Strategy Through its unique business model, Zara encourages its existing customers to buy more. Every new style reaches the store shelves from design table in about two weeks. This fast-fashion methodology helps in remaining updated to the latest trends and makes the customers visit the stores more often. This quick inventory turnover is due to its vertically integrated supply chain and its total control over its system. Market Development Strategy Zara identifies potential segments in the market as a first step in their market development. By giving equal importance to all such segments, Zara

Commons-Based Peer Production and Virtue Research Paper

Commons-Based Peer Production and Virtue - Research Paper Example The first virtue discussed by the writers is put under cluster I which is named autonomy, independence, and liberation. In the view of Nissenbaum and Benkler (2006), though commons-based peer production give users the freedom to contribute freely from the privacy of their homes, it is extremely necessary that such independence, liberation, and autonomy are respected in â€Å"our actions and choices as well as from the typical array of institutional entities, whether employers, banks, agents of government, or whoever.† The writers also touch on creativity, productivity, and industry. There is no denying fact this is an area in commons-based peer production that so much is needed from the contributor to show virtue and ethics. This assertion is judged from the fact that contributors are hardly coached or monitored. â€Å"Peer production offers a medium for contributing our thoughts, our knowledge, our know-how, or merely the spare cycles of our PCs toward a meaningful productâ €  (Nissenbaum and Benkler, 2006).Such freedom to be personal puts a lot of challenge on contributors to stand out tall with their level of creativity and productivity to ensure that standard is maintained in the industry. There are then the virtues of benevolence, charity, generosity, altruism. There are then the virtues of benevolence, charity, generosity, altruism,  writers believe that contributors should have an inner-judging ethics that should tell them that their effort and production are being undertaken as a form of social benevolence. For this reason, it is important to attach to it all needed commitment and dedication.

The Hours-Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Hours-Critique - Essay Example What colors the whole film is the knowledge that Virginia Woolf will take her own life at the end of the story due to her mental illness (Ehlen 45). These ideas and many others warrant a closer examination and clarification of the thoughts present in the film. As such, this paper will seek to identify and focus on the ideas of the film â€Å"The Hours†. To begin with, as the three main characters continue to search for a meaning in their lives, they evaluate suicide to be a means of avoiding the problems they encounter. Laura, Clarissa, and Virginia have a high credibility towards their perceptions and sensitivity with regard to the world around them. Every moment of their lives, traverses with their evaluation of how they feel about living. Thus, they from time to time see death as a solution to their problems that is why they constantly think of committing suicide (59). Given her mental illness, Virginia considers death as the only way out of her oppressive aspects in her li fe. As we analyze the film, we find that she finally ends her life towards the end of the story. Now that we know Virginia took her own life, it is understandable that her deliberations concerning Clarissa are partly a reflection of her own individual struggle and strive with the idea of suicide. Additionally, while in the same universal exploration of the literary work of Cunningham, the idea of humans fascinating with the idea of mortality revolves around the three main characters. Virginia ends her own life due to her aspects of oppressions following her mental illness. Laura Brown on the other hand, experiences feelings that makes see her trapped by the constraints of her function as a suburban homemaker. Due to these feelings, she considers suicide as the only possible escape. At this instant, the idea of shutting the clamor and chatter of living seduces this character. However, since she is an intellectual, at first, she finds her fascination with committing suicide is an inte rest, which has an academic objective. As a result, the thought of not being able to proceed with the killing crosses her mind constantly (66). Regardless of her thought and visions, the feeling of constraints befalls her more and she starts evaluating the idea of killing herself with a serious note. The idea of Laura’s suicide plan is no longer hypothetical when she stands at the mirror while staring at the sleeping pills. The indebtedness of Michael Cunningham to Virginia is too obvious. Consequently, some critics resolved to use the term pastiche with the view of describing his novel. For instance, as Mrs. Dalloway opens and as Clarissa prepares for a party in one fine morning in June, she departs from home to buy some flowers. This description finds its echo when the second chapter of The Hours opens. Intense clarification of this film points out that, a description that shows and describes what the audience already expects is too obvious. Nevertheless, we see the women w ithin this film trying to define the state of their lives within the roles that society set for them without sacrificing their individual identities (81). Occasionally, women such as Clarissa thinks that she is too domestic and Laura feels trapped within the life she finds herself living. This is a clear indication depicting that women of The Hours have varying degrees comforting their respective roles. Analysis of this situation brings about the idea of constrain of societal roles where trappings and domesticity of women illustrates its

Arguments for and Against Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

Arguments for and Against Genetically Modified Food Essay Biotechnology involves any technique that uses living organisms or parts there of to make or modify products, to improve plants or animals or to develop micro organisms for specific uses (Dr Sriwatanapongse, www. afic. org) In the past century weve have been lucky enough to stumble upon one of the basic building blocks of organisms, DNA. In recent years scientists have been able to develop ways in which they can manipulate, alter, and transfer DNA in forms that can help improve our lives. One way in which DNA research has been used to improve our lifestyle, is by engineering the deoxyribonucleic acid into ways which can alter food supplies to make them bigger, taste better, resistant to pests and even make them have a greater concentration of nutrients. Of course this is great news to the human population, in terms of economic and life-saving values for third world countries, yet there are still disadvantages. With all the good news that comes from these altered crops, concerns are still among people. These concerns include; whether or not these alterations will affect humans in a negative way, or how they will impact the environment. Genetically engineering crops might play a significant role in increasing crop yield therefore allowing the world to feed more people while using less land. A recent study on bioengineered crops concluded that these crops are safe and can improve production dramatically. To date, total acres of biotech crops harvested exceed more than 1 billion with a proven 10-year history of safe use. Over the next decade, expanded adoption combined with current research on 57 crops in 63 countries will broaden the advantages of genetically modified foods for growers, consumers and the environment. (www. monsanto. com) Those opposing the genetically altered crops state that One major detriment to genetically engineered food is that there has been no adequate testing to ensure that extracting genes from useful functions will yield the same results in different applications and species (www. govhs. org). Predictions of future are that, consumers are able to get foods that last longer, taste better and are more nutritious than the current foods. There will also an even greater variety of foods all year round. These products will be made possible through genetic engineering, and some of them are already available. For centuries, farmers grew plants to produce special foods with unique characteristics: better taste, higher yield or greater resistance to drought or frosts. History shows, that five thousand years ago in Peru, potatoes were grown selectively. Plants, which produced potatoes with attractive characteristics, such as higher yields, were used to produce future plants. More than two thousand years ago, tree grafting was used by the Greeks to Gain a more fruit in orchards. Now, we have genetically engineered food that has been discovered and now offers a faster and more reliable method of establishing new traits in plants to provide foods that are better tasting, more nutritious or more in amount. Although all of this may seem futuristic, such crops do already exist. Not only have these crops been in laboratories for decades, but they have been in the market for years. Humans have only just begun to realize the benefits of these genetically altered foods. Genetically altered foods allow a wide selection of things to improve upon. Some altered abilities already exists in our fruits and vegetables, these include: pest, disease and herbicide. By using genetic engineering, plants that resist disease, pests or insects can be developed. This means that less chemicals, such as pesticides, are required. In the near future scientists hopefully will be able to improve the drought resistance of most crop species and could have major implications for crops grown in dry areas (www.abc. net. au/news). Weather resistance Plants could and can be developed to better withstand extreme weather conditions such as drought or frosts. Genetically engineering foods make crops easier to maintain and lower the cost in maintenance. One benefit of altered foods which is often overlooked is the Improved processing characteristics of these foods, leading to reduced waste and lower food costs to the consumer. Foods are being developed to contain more vitamins, minerals, protein and less saturated fat. For example, fruits and vegetables with higher levels of antioxidant vitamins may reduce cardiovascular disease risk and help reduce the risk of certain cancers (www. americanheart. org). The world population is expected to double to more than 10 billion people by the year 2050. Food biotechnology can help meet the increasing demand for food. By increasing a crops ability to withstand environmental factors, growers will be able to farm in parts of the world currently unsuitable for crop production. Along with additional food, this could also provide economies of developing nations with much-needed jobs and greater productivity. Genetically engineered foods seem to have solved all the problems farmers and growers have had for years. Unfortunately all the positive effects of altered foods seem to mask the reality behind these perfect crops. Some of the disadvantages of altered crops include the possibility of mutations. Plant breeders have induced mutations in selected plants by treating them with chemicals or radiation; however this is costly and unpredictable (Microorganisms, biotechnology and Disease). Genetic engineering changes the nature of the food eaten. It can cause unexpected mutations in an organism, which can create new and higher levels of toxins in foods. Genetic engineering can produce unknown allergens in foods. Some foods may be implanted with the ability to produce antibiotics. This may help the plant, but if these plants that are infected with bacteria emerge new strands of bacteria that may become resistant to the most advanced antibiotics, there will be a problem. With herbicide-resistant crops, weeds may evolve to also become herbicide resistant. The spread of diseases across specific species may also become a factor because of a loss of ? bio-diversity in crops. When crops are altered for specific abilities, they are then mass produced. They are the only type of species grown in field of thousands. Because of this, the species will only be able to pass on to all generations the same DNA. Once started, they may not be easily controlled or contained. It makes the crops hard to calculate. Unfortunately the biggest problem raised from new modified foods is the fact that the public is unaware of how it works and the results behind the genetically modified food. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic code in living organisms. About twenty five years ago, scientists began to understand how DNA worked. From this ways for speeding up breeding processes were understood to a degree. Agricultural scientists today can identify the genes that carry specific traits they want, such as ? disease resistance or ? nutrient content and transfer those genes to a plant, therefore creating a transgenic organism. Genetic engineering is the process of artificially modifying these ? blueprints. By cutting and splicing DNA, engineers can transfer genes specific to one type of organism into any other organism. Some organisms have been enhanced through biotechnology such as; tomatoes, that go ? soft more slowly and so remain on the vine for longer. This gives them more colour and flavour. Also, virus resistant papyrus and squash, that make the crop more dependable. Genetically modified food seems to have already changed the world today. Many countries are already considering making more of their crops with genetically engineered properties. Scientists have gained a vast knowledge of genetic engineering and are now able to make many possibilities. Genetically engineered food has brought a lot of commercial benefits; increased crops quality, harvesting quantity, pest resistance, herbicide resistance, nutrient supplementation and more. Not only have the crops improved, but more crops are produced in less space. Although the benefits of bioengineering seem fantastic, there are still many mysteries left to understand in such a vast field of understanding. Genetic engineering might cause serious consequences to our future life as well next generations to come. Deeper insight into genetic engineering may be all that is needed for us to gain truly unlimited advantage from such a vast scientific field.

My Favourite Holidays

My Favourite Holidays This is a pretty difficult topic to write on, since I tend to love all of the holidays! As soon as it hits October, I am floored for every holiday between Halloween and New Years. Growing up, it was all about what I would get as gifts on these holidays or the fantastic family dinners. I get excited for Fall, the local Algonquin Mill celebration, the beauty of all the leaves changing, the smell of them burning in the evening, the streets teaming with Trick-or-Treaters on Halloween. I remember how exciting it was to wake up early on Christmas morning and sneak around the brightly lit tree, hoping not to wake up Mom, trying to guess what was in each colorful package with my older sister. I also remember the frustration of not being able to fall asleep because I was so excited. With all of these holidays, I know that everyone has their favorites. There are many different traditions that people follow but are we really celebrating these holiday traditions in the right way or even for the right reasons? Just the entire season would be my favorite time of year, but I shall focus on Halloween, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. Halloween, though it is known for its fun colors and costumes and gorging yourself on candy, actually started out as a Celtic holiday. The Celtics began celebrating this holiday because it was the last day of their winter solstice and apparently they just wanted an excuse to party since this also meant that they were done with the yearly harvesting time. Also, this day was used as a day to honor loved ones who had passed on, since it was said to be the day that the veil was lifted and the dead were able to once again walk with the living. The day after became celebrated as All Hallows Eve which marked the end of the dead being able to walk among us, at last until the next year. Nowadays we parade around in skimpy outfits in cold weather, attending parties to drink and be judged in our costumes. Speaking of drinking, my favorite Halloween myth would be that of the origin of pumpkins, or rather, Jack-O-Lanterns. The legend actually involves a hollowed turnip, the Devil, and a man named Stingy Jack. Stingy Jack, the stereotypical Irish drunkard, was known as a manipulator and loved to trick people. This brought him into contact with the Devil who went to collect his soul after hearing of all of his bad deeds. But, Jack was sneaky. He managed to trick the devil up into a tree and trap him there by carving a holy symbol, a cross, into the trunk of that tree. The Devil, demanding his release, agreed to Jacks demand that his soul would never be taken into Hell for all of his past misdeeds. This comes back to haunt poor Stingy Jack as when he does eventually die, he is not allowed into Heaven because of those same deeds, and the Devil had promised not to take him! He did, though, give Jack an ember, which Jack then carried around in a hollowed out turnip, doomed to roam the earth forever. Now, though, the turnip is a pumpkin and this year, my sister carved hers to make it look like it ate a Trick-or-Treater. Not exactly following tradition, is it? I would say that this would be a nice moralist story to tell our young ones since it shows that there are often bad consequences to bad actions. My second favorite holiday would be Thanksgiving. My family has a three day tradition for this holiday, which I got to join when I turned 21. The night before Thanksgiving, we go to the local bar for the band that plays there every year. Then, we wake up the next morning, more than likely hung over, and cook our Thanksgiving dinners, attending the big family meal in our pajamas because we are so exhausted from the night before. Afterwards, we all lapse into a turkey-coma and wake up early the next morning for the biggest shopping day of the year! Now, Im sure that this is not the same as everyone elses traditions, and I know it is definitely not the same as the real reason for Thanksgiving. Thanksgiving, another harvest festival, like Halloween, is a holiday in which people are supposed to express how thankful they are for their family, friends, and everything else they have. Growing up, I remember coloring the Pilgrims and the turkeys made out of hands. This was also back when we we re still allowed to pray in school, so our class would have our lunch of turkey slices and mashed potatoes and gravy and say a prayer together. A lot of the religious value behind this holiday has been lost. Lately, it seems to be all about the football game, the big meal, and the shopping ads for the next day race to Christmas. I am sure that if the holiday were observed properly, if we were asked each Thanksgiving to give a list of things that we are thankful for, people might just focus on the more important things in life: family and friends and their own idea of religion. This brings me to Christmas which is another of my favorite holidays. I love the snow on the ground- as long as I dont have to be in it- the colors everywhere, the Christmas carols on the store radios as you try to figure out what to get for whom. I like walking past all the houses and seeing the trees all lit up in their windows Wait a minute, lit up trees? Why do we even have the trees? Christmas, in my family, is all about getting the whole family together for dinner. Everyone is so focused on paying their bills that there is no real gift giving except for that of our company. We like to laugh and have fun and its normally pretty loud at whichever house we congregate in. The real focus of Christmas, though, is actually on religion, which my family does not really follow. This is the day to celebrate the birth of Christ, our savior. The star at the top of the gaily decorated tree is to depict that of the star over Bethlehem that guided the shepherds to where Jesus was born. The tre e was established as part of our tradition by Martin Luther who used it as a symbol of the Tree of Life from the bible tale of the Garden of Eden. Another tradition that is attributed to Christmas is that of Santa Clause, or Father Christmas, or Saint Nick, my all-time favorite man. How could you not love a man that runs around in red pajamas and gives out candy and gifts? Even though he is so loveable, he is not the real reason behind Christmas and it would be nice to see that people, especially children, realize this. Instead, they spend the last ten or so days before Christmas hoping you and jolly old Santa forgot all their past transgressions so that they dont get a lump of coal in their stockings. This does tend to make Christmas more fun, but I only hope that other people get that kind and warm-hearted feeling that I always get around Christmas. It is a time when people are nicer to everyone else and I think that it is the greatest time of year because of this. Of all these holidays, I have my favorites and you have yours, all for different reasons. But in todays society, are we really celebrating them in the right way? In watching the news it is plain to see that America is facing a problem with youth and their values, or lack thereof. Maybe if we tried to spread the old traditions of some of these holidays and to celebrate them right instead of letting them become so commercialized, todays society would remember that there are actual reasons that we partake in these holidays, not just to be able to ask So, what do you want for Christmas this year?

Commercial Vices :: essays research papers

Commercial Vices   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The commercial vices are gambling, prostitution, and drugs. The appeals of the commercial vices are so strong and widespread that attempts to prohibit them in western countries have always failed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The evils of these vices are threefold: Those who practice them suffer, the criminals who sell them prosper, and the enforcement organizations are expensive, unsuccessful, and often corrupt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two commercial vices have been accepted as unstoppable, but there evils have been minimized by legalization and regulation. These are the particular drug, alcohol, and gambling. Ethyl alcohol, the drug in beer, whiskey, and wine does more harm is causing accidents, overdose deaths, job failures, broken homes, and violence than all other drugs combined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States attempted to prohibit alcohol and failed. The Mafia made its money by bootlegging alcohol. The gangsters of the twenties and thiries were in the alcohol business just as the drug peddlers of today are in the drug business. Both settled trade disputes with gun fire. When alcohol prohibition was repealed and sale by licensed dealers was instituted, the Mafia went out of the liquor business and the revenue agents assigned to stop the illegal business went out of business too. The quality of regulated liquor became assured and taxed, not high enough to motivate bootlegging, became a source of public revenue. Consumption of legal alcohol became only slightly greater than the consumption of illegal alcohol had been.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we follow the alcohol example with all other drugs, the benefits will obtain. Much more than that, the temptation of the forbidden fruits will disappear. The jailing of petty drug pushers will stop, together with their training as future serious criminals in the crime schools which are jails. If we transfer the huge sums wasted on efforts and on punishment to serious education and rehabilitation programs, the drug problem will retreat to the trivial level it was fifty years ago.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At one time all but private gambling at home was illegal. So the Mafia ran the numbers rackets and secret games and the bookmaking where law abiding citizens did their unstoppable gambling. Now governments run lotteries and license and supervise casinos so the gangsters are largely out, cheating in minimal, and governments earn revenue instead of paying police.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prostitution is an even more emotional problem. Addiction to sex is genetic, permanent, and deprivation has many more penalties. Prostitution is the worlds oldest profession. Here, again, legalization and regulation in Nevada was already eliminated the pimps and gangsters and reduce the police

MAR project team Essay

Strength Integrated Health consists a number of hospitals. Has an internal technology department – MIS. Has a large number of staff MAR project team is well rounded with technology. The institutions of Integrated Health are well known by the people in Tempe, Arizona. A non-profit organization, which means all the earned money minus the salary and daily operational costs of the institution, can be used for development. Weaknesses Utilizes manual processing of information. Low investment on automation. Chief Information Officer doesn’t have technical background. Some Directors doesn’t support automation and would rather have the traditional process. A large number of staff doesn’t agree with the change. Due to manual filings, specialists reported that patients endorsed to them doesn’t have files 30% of the time. Doesn’t have a change management process. MIS Staff are underestimated and their relevance is not clear to the whole organization Opportunities Lower of costs by investing on computerizing MAR. Can attract partnerships with insurance companies as they are becoming a trend. By investing in computerized MAR, less information would be missing or incorrect If medical tests would not be repeated unnecessarily, then operational costs can be lessen. Computer management of patient medication profiles offers the opportunity to enhance communication between pharmacists and nurses decrease medication errors and delays in delivery of therapy. enhance medication delivery accuracy and timeliness Threats If the computerized MAR is not implemented, insurance companies would not want to partner with Integrated Health. Increasing incorrect medical profiles of patients. If the computerized MAR is implemented, There will be dependence on its automation in the future and when it fails, operations will stop. Cost for further upgrades to fix bugs and improve services will be considered.

Tesco Organisational Change

Introduction: This assignment is based on the concept of Organization change and it will discuss around various concept of change within an organization. It is based on the selection of an organization that has undergone through a change and in which people has adopted or resist the strategies of change. Aims and Objectives: This assignment will be comprise of the below mentioned objectives that will actually analyze all the changes that an organization has actually faced. * To identify the processes and model of change and what are the strategies that might help in encourages people to positively respond to that change. To identify the main drivers that has actually triggered the need for change in the organization. * To analyze the organizational change with the help of EFQM model. * To evaluate how people will react to that change and will survive within that change. * To identify the ways that can help in dealing with the resistance towards that change. * To evaluate the strategi c change initiatives and what recommendation can be made in order to gather good data and avoid biasness. What is change? According to Potter, Mark (2011) change is an activity that takes out the organization or a person out of their comfortable zone. It is sometimes positive and sometimes negative and takes time for the adjustments. According to Chhabra et al (2007) states that Organizational change is the change that comes in the overall working environment of an organization and sometimes cause discomfort to the people initially. Organizational change: According to Potter, Mark (2011) Organizational change is a state that an organization undergoes from one state to another. This change can be in the policy, strategy, technology and culture of an organization. This change can be sudden or preplanned and requires wise strategies towards the management of people working in an organization. Change management: According to searchcio-mid market. tech target. com Change management is a methodical term which deals with change both at the individual and organizational level. It deals with three different aspects. 1. Controlling change. 2. Effecting change. Tesco: According to the Tesco website it is the Britain’s foremost retail company which is dealing with 37,000 stores all over the world and have employed over 440,000 people. Tesco is dealing with 30 countries outside the United Kingdom. Tesco is actually working on the concept of change and all the employees are striving hard to respond to those changes. The name Tesco has first appeared on a shop in Edgware in 1929 and since that time this company has developed and grown up with so many new innovations and opportunities for the business and for the people as well. By the early 1990s Tesco has faced so many strong competitors and for staying at the competitive edge they need to have new strategies according to the new situations so here concept of change occurs. Sir Terry Leah was very wise in making decisions. He was the Chief executive in 1997 so he decided to find out where they are actually lacking so that they can easily work on those areas. So he found the root cause on which they need to work. He came up with the statement that we are good in buying and selling but we have actually forgotten the needs of our customers so he decided to pay much more attention to their customers. So he started this activity with the simple question asked by the customers what are we doing wrong? After this question they actually started investing in those areas that matters to customers e. g. the loyalty scheme such as club cards, Tesco. com, our internet home shopping service. He further illustrates his concept with giving ease to the customers and giving them a reason to come back to Tesco again and again. Tesco Mission Statement: â€Å"Creating values for customers, to earn their life time loyalty†. Values behind Tesco business: * No one tries harder for customers. * Treat people how we like to be treated. Objectives of the company: The main objective of the company is to better understand their customers than any organization. Tesco not only considers their customers much more important but they are also very much conscious in terms of the innovation of their products and services. Their concept behind best customer service and introducing best products are to attract their shareholders and gain the growth in sales, profits and returns. Tesco actually work around these three objectives. * To gain growth in sales, profits and returns. * To satisfy the needs of the customers by proving them best services and products. To satisfy its shareholders. Organizational change in Tesco: There is a marketing statement mentioned in ivy thesis . type pad. com that success breeds failure so it shows that nothing else is constant in business and in order to stay at the competitive edge business should respond to the changing demands of the world. Tesco has focused on these demands so that they can stay competitive and can resp ond to their competitors. The following difference can show their attention towards the demands of the world. Tesco in Past: According to Finch, Julia (2010). Tesco in the past was just like a typical traditional food retailer company that only focused on the substantial assets of the business like products, place and money. They had not paid any attention towards the intangible assets of business like customers satisfaction, services providing ease to the customers. This has actually given hard times to Tesco in the past and very soon this thing was realized by Tesco that the older methods will not work for the business as the concept of Globalization was spreading very fast so Tesco started responding to the changes required. Tesco in Present: Tesco in present has moved its attention towards more innovative and intangible things. This was the first step of Tesco towards innovation and working beyond its limits as in 1995 they introduced club cards which are now offering air miles and club card points in 5000 different venues in the UK. Rowley (2005) states that the club cards has given good opportunities for customer interactions and engaging large number of corporate partners in delivering and earning rewards. These club cards are actually building up a strong relationship among customers and Tesco. Another innovative step of Tesco is the use of internet for their customer’s i. e. Tesco. com. It has actually strengthened the communication between consumers and Tesco as people can inquire through Tesco website regarding grocery, music books and so on. According to Tesco. com (2005) customers can enter their complaints on the same website where the problem list are already present and customer’s needs to fill in the right area. These complain can be related to quality of food, out of date products and so on. For making the life easier for the customers Tesco has given more in store facilities, long opening hours, shorter queues trained staff. Topic 1 Drivers for Change: In order to find out the competitive position of an organization firstly I company need to check what factors are actually triggering for change. So what that reason lots of information is required which can tell the position of the company where it is standing at the present and where it will be in the future so making these predictions more clearer Porters 5 forces model can be used that will tell each and every aspect of that organization. Porters 5 Forces: Porter 5 forces helps in analyzing the external environment of an organization and provide beforehand preparations so that company can gets ready for any kind of pitfalls that may arise in business. It covers the following steps. * Rivalry. * Substitutes. * Buyers. * Suppliers. * Barriers to entry. Rivalry: Rivalry is the central force that involves other forces as well. Tesco has many rivals in the market so for making its position stronger and giving tough competition to its rivals Tesco always keep its position up-to-date and respond to the changing demands of the world. So the launch of club cards and other internet websites are the steps taken to stay at the competitive edge and be a strong contender for its rivals. Substitutes: Rivalry actually makes the profits zero as it is a threat. As the market has many supermarkets so they can be the substitutes for Tesco so in order to avoid missing their customers they need to provide them with extraordinary customer service. So Tesco has made that possible by giving Club cards and showing that the customers are at the heart of Tesco has actually won the loyalty of their customers. Tesco has substitute like Sainsbury which has got the similar products and has decreased the prices of products in both companies. Buyers: Power of buyer is another cause of decrease in the prices as if the cost of floor is more in Tesco buyer can easily switch over to Sainsbury. But Tesco is fortunate in this case as there are not lot big markets that makes the markets more discipline and stops them of pricing war. Supplier: Tesco has an advantage over the suppliers as they quote the price to the suppliers and suppliers have to admit that as Tesco has a strong position and they can quote on their own. If suppliers do not fulfill the demand they will have no one to sell their goods so Tesco takes a good advantage over their suppliers. Barriers to entry: Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury are the barriers to entry for the new supermarkets. As they have an advantage over the suppliers in the economy of scale as they can buy large volume of goods on less prices whereas the new entrants needs to buy small quantities very expensive. Process for change: Source: www. google. com (Kurt Lewin,1951) Unfreeze: Tesco has used the concept of unfreezing by telling their employees and realizing them the needs of their customers. They gave them the image that Tesco needs to stay at the competitive edge and for that they need the loyalty of their customers. For getting that loyalty they need to pay full attention towards the satisfaction of their customers. So they have to done some sort of technological, social and cultural changes that will increase their publicity among their customers. So they ensure the readiness of their employees towards the change in their working schedules. Change: Tesco has started the club cards in 1995 by giving full training to their employees that they always need to ask the customers â€Å"have you got a club card† this was the way of giving promotion to the club cards. Employees were also provided with the information that this strategy of launching club cards will give competitive edge to Tesco and the company can stay more in touch with the loyal customers so they just need to scan and offer the club cards to their customers who will definitely give rise to the profits. For making the employees ready for the extra work load Tesco has given them the information that they will also get 10% discount with their staff privilege card on their purchasing from the store which makes the employees happy that at least they are also getting benefits out of it. Employees were also informed of the Tesco. com and that the customers will do shopping online so they need to be more efficient and with the same thing they were given proper training that how to deal with online shopping and it will give rise to the business and the business will give them promotions and bonuses for their hard work. Refreeze: The launch of Club cards and Tesco. com has actually given rise to the Tesco sale as it makes easier for the customers that even while sitting at home they can shop whatever they want to have. It has actually increased the customers for Tesco as the slogan of Tesco says â€Å"Every little helps† so they are actually working on that as they have kept an eye on even the little needs of their customers. According to Harvey, Oliver (2007). , The UK has stated that Tesco is the most developed online grocery market in the world with more than 1. million people shopping online. ( Daily Record, 2004) Organizational change for context: According to Pagano, Margareta (1987) cultural web analysis was given by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes in 1992. It can help in make observing and then making some changes in an organizations culture. It helps in exposing cultural hypothesis and practices and aligns the work with organizations elements and the strategies used within an organiz ation. As mentioned above different changes in Tesco which has given a positive rise to the business. Here in this cultural web analysis the change of introducing club cards has increased the work loads of people so what initiatives should be made in order to support the already occurred change. There are six elements which can help in making those changes stronger. Stories: Whenever a change occurs in any organization it comes with lots of previous stories like it will increase workloads without any benefits. It will give different type of job specifications so in order to avoid all these stories the employees will have in advance trainings and incentives so that they can welcome the change positively and should be ready for new challenges. Rituals and routines: The daily routine will show the change in behavior so the reward system and the bonuses should beforehand introduced so that people can work more energetically without showing any kind of negative attitude towards the increase in work. Symbols: Before implementing a new change there should have a lot of publicity as in Tesco they advertise the club cards and even the employees have got the uniform with Tesco club cards. Organizational structure: As in the case of Tesco the employees were well defined of their goals and the consequences that they will have after achieving those goals and objectives so the objectives will be clearly defined in order to support the implemented change. Control system: It is usually measure by the top management team and before implementing any sort of change all the strategies and policies are prepared beforehand. It is regarding the financial system and reward system so Tesco has also given the opportunity to its employees as 10% discount on their cards which can urther enhance their performance and strengthen the implemented change. Power structure: As the name indicates Power structure which is hold by the executives and other seniors so the steps taken like discounts for employees, Trainings regarding club cards and internet has strengthen the change so far. Topic 2 Creativity and Improvement Creativity: Creativity is the thinking up of new ideas. It is actually the dreaming up of new ideas. Whereas according to   Lorna Martin (2006). , Innovation is doing new things so it is the practical term for creativity. Source: www. google. co. uk According to Walker, Gaelle (2006). EFQM is the most widely used model with over 30,000 businesses to increase performance and increase their bottom line. It takes a holistic view of an organization and gives a diagnostic tool for the specific area of an organization which will provide strength and enhance that area with innovation and creativity. This model is divided into two parts the first one is enabler and second one are the results that can be earned through the employees efforts, the policies and strategies implemented, and the stakeholders or shareholders involved and the resources within that organization. So in the case of Tesco their strength is their team, their products. While talking about their employees they can engage their employees in more trainings and give them chances to think out of the box as the Human capital is the main asset of any company so Tesco needs to invest more on their employees and give them chances to learn more and work accordingly. So as they have got an Intranet within their organization that is the actual chance for their employee’s promotions and gives them more chances to enhance their performance by learning more and then implement their knowledge in their organization. Well Tesco has already taken a step towards innovation and creativity as they have implemented Tesco. com so in this way thousands of minds are included in Tesco and Tesco can take suggestions from the people around. By their club cards they are not only providing good saving to the customers but they are also doing surveys by checking in which area which product is selling more so in this way they are increasing the productivity of that product. So Tesco. Com is a step towards innovation. Surviving change: Surviving change is actually the concept regarding those changes that an organization has implemented. It checks whether those changes are well accepted by the organization and employees. Do those changes have given a positive rise to the business. According to Buckley, Neil (1995). , there are some steps that manage and deal with change appropriately which are as follows. 1. Acceptance for the change should be there by training and awareness. 2. Readiness for change to be happens at workplace. 3. Should have enough strategies to tackle that change. 4. Adapt to that change. 5. Feel free to go with the change. 6. Enjoy the change. 7. Always try to be ready for the change. So change is actually surviving in Tesco as they have also used the before hang readiness for the change to occur and now getting desired results as a part of business profits. Transition curve: According to   Savill, Richard (2001). Transition curve is a three stages of transition that involve ending, neutral zone and beginning which helps in assessing people that what difficulties they might face during the implementation of change. Ending: This seems to be the ending of the confidence of the employees when they deny the acceptance to change. They might think that their workplace or their work will be different so this is the ending of their hard works and acceptance to work loads. Neutral zone: This state will be the confusion state as the staff will be in between the current and the desired state. They will be uncertain about the present and the future. This can have the negative impact on the activities. Beginning: The beginning state is that state in which the employees are ready for the change and work accordingly with a positive set of mind. As in Tesco case employees are ready for the work. Conclusion and Recommendations: Change is a positive activity and it always brings about something healthy to an individual or an organization. So in the case of Tesco change was the ultimate desire of the modern time and has actually give Tesco a strong position. Club cards and Tesco. com Com are the positive changes for Tesco and has increased its sales. Staff is also very efficient in implementing and working on the change so it has given positive rise to the business. Recommendations * Although the change has been successfully implemented in company but there is still need to eradicate the perception and attitude of being one or monopolist views. The development opportunities should be offered to the front line staff for further improving the customer service. * Variety of methods should be used to training the staff and through providing them different platforms the company can fetch the creative ideas from their staff * There must be online and offline (virtual; over the web) feedback or comment section where the customers can record their feedbacks regarding the products services and their performance or further improvements. Teamwork culture, support from the management and empowerment are the necessary mediums to motivate the workforce and maintain their motivation for better productivity. * An efficient performance appraisal system is required to be implemented for judging the performance of both contract based and permanent employees and similarly compensation should be based on this fair appraisal of employees. * Further communication should be improved through extensively advertising the products to the target market and internal communication should have to be improved through making the flow of information on right time. References: * Potter, Mark (16 February 2011). â€Å"Tesco to outpace growth at global rivals – study†. Reuters. Retrieved 25 February 2011. * Finch, Julia (2 February 2010). â€Å"Tesco opens its first zero carbon store†. The Guardian  (UK). Retrieved 1 September 2010. * O'Grady, Sean (16 December 2001). â€Å"Shirley Porter: Rich, flashy and corrupt with it. She's nothing like a Dame†. The Independent  (London). Retrieved 13 December 2009. *   Harvey, Oliver (9 May 2007). â€Å"TESCO kills of Well St Market†. The Sun(London). Retrieved 13 December 2009. * Pagano, Margareta (16 May 1987). Shocked Hillards attacks greed of Prudential: Hartley disgusted with institutions after Tesco wins takeover battle†. The Guardian  (the sun). * â€Å"Tesco accused of ‘near monopoly'†. BBC. 17 January 2006. * â€Å"Inverness: Tescotown†. Retrieved 13 March 2006. *   Lorna Martin (1 January 2006). â€Å"The supermarket that ate a town†. The Observer  (UK). *   Walker, Gaelle (11 November 2006). â€Å"Online failing todeliver†. The Grocer(William Reed Publications): p. 6. *   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Business as usual for Sir Terry after 10 years in charge†. Birmingham Post(Midland Independent Newspapers): p. 24. 22 February 2007. *   Buckley, Neil (22 November 1995). People: Leahy rings Tesco's tills†. Financial Times: p. 40. *   Cunningham, Sarah (22 March 1997). â€Å"Tesco pays ? 630m for ABF's Irish business†. The Times  (Times Newspapers). â€Å"Tesco's Irish move approved†. Financial Times. 7 May 1997. *   Savill, Richard (12 June 2001). â€Å"Tesco bomb blackmailer is jailed for 16 years†. The Daily Telegraph  (UK). Retrieved 12 April 2011. *   Helft, Miguel (2001). â€Å"Tesco buys stake in GroceryWorks†. The Industry Standard. * O'Halloran, Marie (25 July 2009). â€Å"Unicef accuses Tesco of misusing charity slogan†. The Irish Times. *   McBride, Louise (26 July 2009). â€Å"Tesco in clash with Unicef†. The Irish Independent.   Malkin, Bonnie (14 November 2007). â€Å"Spice Girls go shopping at Tesco†. London: The Telegraph. Retrieved 19 September 2010. â€Å"AEW Architects†. AEW Architects. Retrieved 2011-08-16. *   Leroux, Marcus (22 March 2010). â€Å"Tesco’s secret chain charges customers more – Times Online†. The Times  (UK). Retrieved 11 November 2010. *   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Tesco announces non-food store trials†. Retrieved 13 March 2006. *   Jordan, Dearbail (8 June 2007). â€Å"Tesco swoops on Dobbies Garden Centres†. The Times  (London: Times Newspapers). Retrieved 8 June 2007. *   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Offer Declared Unconditional in all Respects†. Dobbies  (Dobbies): p. 1. 17 August 2007. Retrieved 19 August 2007.